{"id":448,"date":"2016-09-22T11:32:16","date_gmt":"2016-09-22T11:32:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sundayscriptureonline.com\/?p=448"},"modified":"2020-06-24T09:26:08","modified_gmt":"2020-06-24T09:26:08","slug":"an-sioladoir-nua-uimhir-a-haon-earrach-2016","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sundayscriptureonline.com\/?p=448","title":{"rendered":"An S\u00edolad\u00f3ir Nua Uimhir a hAon Earrach 2016"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"images\/ansiolnua.png\" alt=\"ansiolnua\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>An S&iacute;olad&oacute;ir Nua<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Uimhir a hAon Earrach 2016<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Cl&uacute;dach<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Cl&aacute;r<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Stair Chumann na Sagart&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (7,000 focal)<\/td>\n<td>Tom&aacute;s &Oacute; Fiaich<\/td>\n<td>1-15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Sagairt Dheoise Bhaile &Aacute;tha Cliathagus an &Eacute;ir&iacute; Amach 1916<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>Diarmuid Martin, Ardeaspag (Aistrithe &oacute;n Bh&eacute;arla ag Helen &Oacute; Murch&uacute;) Bhaile Atha Cliath&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>16-20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Athruithe, athruithe &hellip; (2,000 focal)<\/td>\n<td>Helen &Oacute; Murch&uacute;<\/td>\n<td>13-18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>An Tiomna Nuadh i teanga labhartha na ndaoine<\/td>\n<td>Fearghus &Oacute; Fearghail<\/td>\n<td>21-32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Caiticiosma na hEaglaise Caitlic&iacute; agus Dara Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine (3,000 focal)<\/td>\n<td>Donncha &Oacute; hAodha<\/td>\n<td>33-38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C&eacute; hiad sin mo a bhfuil faobhar ar a ghoile? (4,000 focal)<\/td>\n<td>Colm &Oacute; Torna<\/td>\n<td>39-50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><br style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\" \/><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">Stair Chumann na Sagart<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Tom&aacute;s &Oacute; Fiaich<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-roman;\"><strong>I.<\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">FR&Eacute;AMHACHA<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Dh&aacute; thraidisi&uacute;n, dar liom, a th&aacute;inig le ch&eacute;ile i mbun&uacute; Chumann na Sagart, n&oacute; Cumann na Sagart nGaedhaelach, mar a thugta&iacute; air sa ch&eacute;ad s&aacute; sc&oacute;r bliain d&aacute; shaol. An ch&eacute;ad traidisi&uacute;n acu si&uacute;d an n&oacute;s a buna&iacute;odh &oacute;n bhliain 1895 ar aghaidh, nuair a bh&iacute; Col&aacute;iste Ph&aacute;draig Maigh Nuad c&eacute;ad bliain d&rsquo;aois, go dtigeadh na hiarmhic l&eacute;inn i gcionn a ch&eacute;ile gach samhradh chun ceisteanna poibl&iacute; a bh&iacute; i mb&eacute;al an phobail a phl&eacute;. Chuir na cruinnithe bliant&uacute;la seo de Aontas Mhaigh Nuad gl&eacute;as ar f&aacute;il do chl&eacute;ir na h&Eacute;ireann &oacute; th&uacute;s an 20&uacute; c&eacute;ad ar aghaidh a dtionchar a imirt ar bhonn N&aacute;isi&uacute;nta ar bhealach nach raibh acu san 19&uacute; haois agus thosaigh siad ag dul i bhfeidhm ar thuairim&iacute; a ch&eacute;ile, &aacute; spreagadh, &aacute; ngr&iacute;osadh, &aacute; mbeacht&uacute;, &aacute; ndaingni&uacute;, corruair &aacute; maol&uacute; agus corruair &aacute; ng&eacute;ar&uacute;. Ba ghairid go mb&iacute;odh miondreamanna i measc na cl&eacute;ire a raibh sp&eacute;is acu in &aacute;bhar faoi leith ag teacht le ch&eacute;ile I gcruinnithe speiaialta ar &oacute;c&aacute;id an Aontais agus ar an d&oacute;igh sin a saola&iacute;odh cumainn mar an <em>Catholic Record Society of Ireland in 1912<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An dara traidisi&uacute;n a chuaigh i dtionchar ar bhun&uacute; Chumann na Sagart n&aacute; an sciar fi&uacute;ntach de theagasc Chonradh na Gaeilge a bh&iacute; ag dul i bhfeidhm ar an chl&eacute;ir Chaitliceach &oacute; bhlianta deiridh an 19&uacute; haois ar aghaidh. N&iacute;orbh &eacute; an Conradh, ar nd&oacute;igh, an ch&eacute;ad ghluaiseacht Ghaeilge a raibh baill aonar&aacute;nacha den chl&eacute;ir s&aacute;ite inti. Bh&iacute; corr scol&aacute;ire ina measc p&aacute;irteach san <em>Archaeological Society <\/em>agus sa <em>Celtic Society<\/em> i l&aacute;r an 19&uacute; haois. Bh&iacute; an t-Ardeaspag Mac &Eacute;il ag aistri&uacute; t&eacute;axanna &ndash; <em>An Iliad<\/em> agus <em>Moore&rsquo;s Melodies<\/em> &ndash; agus n&iacute;os m&oacute; den d&uacute;thracht n&aacute; de fh&eacute;ith na fil&iacute;ochta taobh thiar d&aacute; iarrachta&iacute;. Bh&iacute; an tAth. Uilleog de B&uacute;rca, ollamh i gCol&aacute;iste Iarlatha i dTuaim agus sagart par&oacute;iste Chl&aacute;r Clainne Mhuiris ar ball i mbun &ldquo;Roinn na Gaeilge&rdquo; sa <em>Nation<\/em> agus n&iacute;os d&eacute;ana&iacute; sa <em>Tuam News<\/em>. Nuair a buna&iacute;odh Cumann Buan-Chosanta na Gaeilge in 1887, cuireadh faoi choimirce Mhic &Eacute;il &eacute;, agus bh&iacute; baint mh&oacute;r ag de B&uacute;rca leis an leabhair teagaisc a chur an cumann amach. Nuair a th&aacute;inig scoilt sa chumann sin agus gur sh&iacute;olraigh Aontacht na Gaeilge as in 1880, bh&iacute; de B&uacute;rca ina chrann taca l&aacute;idir ag an eagra&iacute;ocht nua, go h&aacute;irithe tar &eacute;is bhun&uacute; <em>Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge<\/em> in 1882. Sagart eile a bh&iacute; ina r&uacute;na&iacute; ar an d&aacute; chumann i dt&uacute;s a r&eacute;, an tAth. &Oacute; Nuall&aacute;in, Cairmil&iacute;teach. Agus chabhraigh c&uacute;pla &Iacute;os&aacute;nach eile, an tAth. Se&aacute;n &Oacute; Cearbhaill agus an tAth. &Eacute;amonn &Oacute; h&Oacute;g&aacute;in (&uacute;dar an <em>Onomasticon<\/em>) leis an obair.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nuair a th&aacute;inig dream beag le ch&eacute;ile i Sr. U&iacute; Chonaill, Baile &Aacute;tha Cliath, in 1893 chun Conradh na Gaeilge a bhun&uacute;, bh&iacute; sagart amh&aacute;in ina measc, an tAth. Liam &Oacute; hAod&aacute;in de Chumann &Iacute;osa. Bh&iacute; an tAth. Eoghan &Oacute; Gramhna thar s&aacute;ile san am, an sagart &oacute;g a ceapadh ina ollamh le Gaeilge i Maigh Nuad dh&aacute; bhliain roimhe sin, agus a bh&iacute; ina eagarth&oacute;ir ar <em>Irisleabhar na Gaeilge<\/em> san am c&eacute;anna. In alt misni&uacute;il a foils&iacute;odh san <em>Irish Ecclesiastical Record<\/em>, Samhain 1890, l&eacute;irigh s&eacute; go raibh g&eacute;argh&aacute; lena thuilleadh sagart a chuirfeadh suim sa teanga. Tar &eacute;is liosta fada de scol&aacute;ir&iacute; Gaeilge &oacute; Jubainville go Thurneysen a lua, scr&iacute;obh se :<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 1px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">All these are foreigners and nearly all Catholic&hellip;..if we search among Irish Catholics, we find no laymen of eminence&hellip;..Then in the clergy we shall meet with very few scholars. There are eight or nine in the regular orders. The secular clergy are represented by Dr. McCarthy, and one or two others rarely en evidence, and by a handful of younger priests, willing, it may be, and earnest, but without influence and opportunities<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Scr&iacute;obh Eoin Mac N&eacute;ill alt den chine&aacute;l c&eacute;anna san <em>Irish Ecclesiastical Record<\/em>, Nollaig 1891, mar dhuirt s&eacute; go soil&eacute;ir go bhf&eacute;adfadh an chl&eacute;ir an Ghaeilge a sh&aacute;bh&aacute;il n&oacute; a mharbhadh:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 1px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">To one even practically conversant with the facts of the case, it must seem a truism to say that the future of the Irish Language is almost wholly in the hands of the clergy&hellip;there is no other body and there are no other individuals in possession of any such influence<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Ba &eacute; Cuallacht Cholm Cille a buna&iacute;odh i measc mhic l&eacute;inn Mhaigh Nuad in 1898 an ch&eacute;ad ghl&eacute;as a cuireadh ar f&aacute;il chun soisc&eacute;al na Gaeilge a theagasc go forleathan agus go lean&uacute;nach i measc na cl&eacute;ire &oacute;ige. Faoin am sin bh&iacute; Eoghan &Oacute; Gramhna ar leaba an bh&aacute;is in Arizona &ndash; fuair se b&aacute;s an bhliain ina dhiaidh sin &ndash; ach lean an chomharba Miche&aacute;l &Oacute; hIc&iacute; den soisc&eacute;al c&eacute;anna i dt&uacute;s na fichi&uacute; haoise. Ba ghairid go raibh gl&uacute;in nua den shagart &oacute;ga &aacute; n-ullmh&uacute; i Maigh Nuad agus s&eacute;ala na Cuallachta ar a n-&eacute;adan. Bh&iacute; siad ag teacht faoi thionchar U&iacute; Ghramhna fi&uacute; amh&aacute;in tar &eacute;is bh&aacute;is d&oacute;, mar tugadh a chorp ar ais go Maigh Nuad i 1903; nuair a bh&iacute; Dubhghlas de h&Iacute;de sna St&aacute;it Aontaithe in 1905-6, thug s&eacute; 2an &aacute;it is Geala&iacute; in &Eacute;irinn&rdquo; ar an chol&aacute;iste.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Feictear dom go minic gurbh &iacute; an ghl&uacute;in sagart a th&aacute;inig as Maigh Nuad sna blianta roimh an ch&eacute;ad Chogadh Domhanda an ghl&uacute;in ba Gheala&iacute; agus ba shaibhre t&iacute;rghr&aacute; a agus ba thorth&uacute;la saothar ar son a bpobail f&eacute;in agus na n&aacute;isi&uacute;in thar lear d&aacute;r sh&iacute;olraigh as Maigh Nuad riamh anall. Ina measc bh&iacute; an tAth D&oacute;nall &Oacute; Tuathail &oacute; Dh&uacute;n agus Coinnire, an t&eacute; a chuir eagar ar <em>T&oacute;raidheacht na bhFir&eacute;in ar lorg Chr&iacute;ost, <\/em>an tAth. Lorcan &Oacute; Muir&iacute; &oacute; Ard Mhacha, Bunaitheoir Chol&aacute;iste Rann na Feirste, <em>An tUltach<\/em> agus Comhaltas Uladh, an tAth. Tom&aacute;s &Oacute; Ceallaigh &oacute; Ail Finn, an ch&eacute;ad duine a thug faoi <em>Opera<\/em> a chumadh i nGaeilge, an tAth. P&oacute;l Breathnach, stara&iacute; agus ollamh, an tAth. Liam &Oacute; Fearghusa &oacute; Chiarra&iacute;, crann taca agus athbhunaitheoir Chumann na Sagart sna tr&iacute;ochaid&iacute;, agus liosta fada cl&eacute;ire a bh&iacute; iontach saothrach i gc&uacute;rsa&iacute; Gaeilge ar ball &ndash; Tom&aacute;s Burbage (Cill Dara), Riobard Fullerton agus S&eacute;amus Mac L&eacute;anach&aacute;in (D&uacute;n &amp; Coinnire), Miche&aacute;l Mac Cearbhaill agus Con Mac a&rsquo; Bhaird (Clochar), P&aacute;draig Mac Giolla Cearra (R&aacute;th Bhoth), Peadar Mag Loingsigh agus Uaitear &Oacute; h&Eacute;igeartaigh (Doire), M&aacute;irt&iacute;n &Oacute; D&oacute;naill (Tuaim), M&aacute;irt&iacute;n &Oacute; Riain (Fearna), Tom&aacute;s &Oacute; Muircheartaigh (Ciarra&iacute;), agus go leor eile. Leis na tr&eacute;imhse ch&eacute;anna, ar nd&oacute;igh, a bhain na sagairt a bhunaigh Misin&eacute;ir&iacute; N. Columb&aacute;in. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Feiceann t&uacute; an Ghaeilge ag sleamhn&uacute; isteach i gn&aacute;thch&uacute;rsa&iacute; an Chol&aacute;iste nuair a bh&iacute; an sagairt ina mhic l&eacute;inn ann &ndash; an Paidr&iacute;n P&aacute;irteach i nGaeilge gach o&iacute;che &oacute; th&uacute;s an ch&eacute;id; l&eacute;itheoireacht Ghaeilge ag an suip&eacute;ir gach o&iacute;che &oacute; 1906 ar aghaidh; ainmneacha na sagart &oacute;g in airde ar a gcuid picti&uacute;ir ar na balla&iacute; i nGaeilge, &oacute;n bhliain 1909 amach. Sa bhliain 1906 thug an Dr. Risteard de Hindeberg an ch&eacute;ad l&eacute;acht i nGaeilge faoi choimirce Aontas Mhaigh Nuad ag a gcruinni&uacute; bliant&uacute;il i m&iacute; Meithimh. (&ldquo;Teagasc Tr&iacute; Ghaeilge&rdquo;) agus d&rsquo;fh&aacute;s an n&oacute;s as sin amach go mb&iacute;odh leacht Gaeilge amh&aacute;in i gc&oacute;na&iacute; ar l&aacute; an Aontais. Seo iad na cainteoir&iacute;: 1907 Tom&aacute;s &Oacute; Ceallaigh, <em>An Sagart &amp; An Saol nua in &Eacute;irinn<\/em>; 1908 Se&aacute;n &Oacute; Cuinneag&aacute;in, <em>Oile&aacute;n Toraigh<\/em>; 1909 Canon Macken, <em>An Ghaeilge i gC&uacute;ige Connachta<\/em>; 1910 An tAth. Peadar &Oacute; Laoire, <em>Athbheochan na Gaeilge<\/em>; 1911 P&oacute;l Breathnach, <em>An Ghaeilge sna Scoileanna<\/em>, 1912 Aindrias &Oacute; C&eacute;illeachair, <em>F&eacute;inriail ag &Eacute;irinn<\/em>; 1913 Cathaoir &Oacute; Braon&aacute;in, <em>An B&eacute;arla agus an Creideamh in &Eacute;irinn.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-roman;\"><strong>II.<\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">B&Uacute;N&Uacute; &amp; F&Aacute;S<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">I Meitheamh 1914 l&eacute;igh an tAth. Gear&oacute;id &Oacute; Nuall&aacute;in, ollamh nua na Gaeilge, a th&aacute;inig i gcomharbas ar &Oacute; hIc&iacute;, nuair a briseadh as a phost &eacute; agus uncail Myles na gCopaleen agus Chiar&aacute;in, eagarth&oacute;ir <em>Inni&uacute;<\/em>, p&aacute;ip&eacute;ar Gaeilge ag tion&oacute;l an Aontais dar teideal; &ldquo;Dualgas na Cl&eacute;ire i ngn&oacute; na Gaedhilge&rdquo;. Chuir s&eacute; i gcuimhne don chl&eacute;ir a bh&iacute; ag &eacute;isteacht leis go raibh creideamh agus an teanga fite fuaite ina ch&eacute;ile san am a bh&iacute; imithe, agus mhol s&eacute; d&aacute; lucht &eacute;isteachta cumann speisialta a bhun&uacute; don chl&eacute;ir Ghaelach. &ldquo;Is m&oacute; cuallacht ann cheana&rdquo; ar seisean, &ldquo;chun cosanta na Gaedhlige ar n&aacute;imhdibh na t&iacute;re. Ach d&aacute; mh&eacute;id &eacute; n&iacute; leor &eacute;. T&aacute; g&aacute;dh le tuille. Go m&oacute;r-mh&oacute;r t&aacute; g&aacute;dh le cuallacht f&eacute; leith n&aacute; beadh inti ach sagairt; sagairt a chuirfeadh suim sa nGaedhilg, agus go mbeadh an Ghaedhilg aca, n&oacute; aidhm aca, ar &iacute; a bheith aca; sagairt a thuigfeadh an dl&uacute;th-cheangal at&aacute; idir an Ghaeghilg agus an creideamh agus a dh&eacute;anfadh a nd&iacute;cheall chun an cheangail sin a choime&aacute;d agus do bhuanughadh&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Chomh fada agus is f&eacute;idir liom a dh&eacute;anamh amach n&iacute;or glacadh an ch&eacute;ad ch&eacute;im eile ar an &oacute;c&aacute;id sin, ach ag cruinni&uacute; an Aontais i 1915, nuair a l&eacute;igh an tAth. S&eacute;amus ach Leanach&aacute;in as B&eacute;al Feirste p&aacute;ip&eacute;ar a bh&iacute; m&oacute;r&aacute;n ar an t&eacute;ad c&eacute;anna. Tar &eacute;is an cheist a ch&iacute;oradh athuair, toghadh coiste sealadach le dul i mbun oibre. Th&aacute;inig an coiste seo le ch&eacute;ile i mBaile &Aacute;tha Cliath l&eacute; Fh&eacute;ile Br&iacute;de 1916 agus shocraigh siad go ngairm&iacute; an ch&eacute;ad chruinni&uacute; ginear&aacute;lta de &ldquo;Cumann na Sagart nGaedhealach&rdquo; i Maigh Nuad ar l&aacute; an Aontais m&iacute; Meithimh ina dhiaidh sin. Iarradh ar an tAth. Tom&aacute;s de Bh&aacute;l as Fairche Luimn&iacute; l&eacute;acht a thabhairt ar an &oacute;c&aacute;id sin ar ghluaiseacht teangtha i dt&iacute;ortha &eacute;ags&uacute;la ar Mh&oacute;r-Roinn na hEorpa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Faoin am a th&aacute;inig an cruinni&uacute; sin le ch&eacute;ile bh&iacute; &Eacute;&iacute;re m&uacute;scailte as a suan ag &iacute;obairt&iacute; na C&aacute;sca. Bh&iacute; an Ginear&aacute;l Maxwell i ndiaidh iarraidh ar an Dr. &Oacute; Duibhir, Easpag Luimn&iacute;, pion&oacute;s a ghearradh ar bheirt shagart d&aacute; chuid a bh&iacute; r&oacute;-chabhrach leis na h&Oacute;glaigh, rud a thuill freagra do Maxwell nach raibh s&eacute; ag s&uacute;il leis an ionsa&iacute; g&eacute;ar &oacute;n Easpag ar pholasa&iacute; Shasana in &Eacute;irinn. Agus b&rsquo;eol don chl&eacute;ir a th&aacute;inig chuig an chruinni&uacute; go raibh leachta&iacute;, an tAth de Bh&aacute;l, ar dhuine de bheirt shagart a tharraing fearg Maxwell orthu f&eacute;in. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Caint leannta a thug an tAth. de Bh&aacute;l do chruinni&uacute; tionscnaimh Chumann na Sagart nGaedhealach. Labhair s&eacute; faoi na hiarrachta&iacute; a rinneadh chun teacht i gcabhair ar an Phl&eacute;imeannais a shaibhri&uacute; agus a neart&uacute;, n&iacute; amh&aacute;in mar chosaint ar an n&aacute;isi&uacute;in ach mar scr&iacute;n ar an Chreideamh. B&aacute; l&eacute;ir gur theastaigh uaidh go nd&eacute;anfadh an cumann nua an rud c&eacute;anna in &Eacute;irinn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nuair a bh&iacute; an leacht thart cuireadh Cumann na Sagart nGaedhealach ar bun go hoifigi&uacute;il. Toghadh an tAth. S&eacute;amus Mac Leanach&aacute;in as D&uacute;in agus Coinnire mar ch&eacute;ad r&uacute;na&iacute; n&aacute;isi&uacute;nta agus an tAth. Padraig &Oacute; Conaill as fairche na M&iacute; mar chisteoir. Bh&iacute; ionada&iacute; &oacute; gach fairche le bheith ar an choiste n&aacute;isi&uacute;nta sin timpeall 30 ar fad, ach mar a fheicimid ar ball, d&rsquo;fh&aacute;n a bhformh&oacute;r ar ph&aacute;ip&eacute;ar amh&aacute;in.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Sagairt ild&aacute;nach a bh&iacute; sna ch&eacute;ad oifigigh sin ar Chumann na Sagart nGaedhealach. Bhain an tAth. de Bh&aacute;l docht&uacute;ireacht amach san fheals&uacute;nacht. Chaith s&eacute; blianta fada ina shagart c&uacute;nta i mDruim Collchoille agus ansin i bhFaing, agus beagnach sc&oacute;r go leith bliain i ndeireadh a shaoil ina shagart par&oacute;iste agus ina Chan&oacute;nach i mBaile an Gharrdha. Ansn bh&iacute; s&eacute; nuair a fuair se b&aacute;s i m&iacute; Feabhara 1956. N&iacute;or bhuail m&eacute; leis ach uair amh&aacute;in &ndash; sa bhliain 1945 &ndash; nuair a d&rsquo;&eacute;irigh liom dul chuig an Oireachtas, c&eacute; go raibh m&eacute; i mo mhac l&eacute;inn anseo san am. Fear ard s&eacute;imh caoinghl&oacute;rach a bh&iacute; ann, agus chaith s&eacute; cuid mh&oacute;r den o&iacute;che sin i gcuideachta Uachtar&aacute;n nua na h&Eacute;ireann san am, Se&aacute;n T. &Oacute; Ceallaigh. Bliaian is fiche ina dhiaidh sin agus deich mbliain i ndiaidh a bh&aacute;is bhronn a chairde de phribhl&eacute;id orm an leacht a bh&iacute; t&oacute;gtha acu in &oacute;m&oacute;s d&oacute; ar &Aacute;ras &Iacute;de i bhFaing a nochtadh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Casadh an ch&eacute;ad chisteoir &#8211; P&aacute;draig &Oacute; Conaill &ndash; orm uair amh&aacute;in fosta. Tar &eacute;is beag&aacute;n bliain a chaitheamh ina mh&uacute;inteoir i gCol&aacute;iste Fhion&aacute;in, an Muileann gCearr, chuaigh s&eacute; isteach in Ord nua N. Columb&aacute;in agus chaith tamaill de bhlianta ag teagasc i bP&aacute;irc Dealgan. Tar &eacute;is tr&eacute;imhse thar lear d&rsquo;fhill s&eacute; ar &Eacute;irinn agus chaith blianta deiridh a shaoil ag foilsi&uacute; leabhra&iacute; m&oacute;r l&eacute;annta ar an &eacute;abhl&oacute;id. D&rsquo;&eacute;ag s&eacute; ina shean&oacute;ir i Nebraska, 31 Bealtaine 1971. N&iacute;or bhuail m&eacute; riamh leis an ch&eacute;ad r&uacute;na&iacute;, S&eacute;amus Mac Leanach&aacute;in, c&eacute; go raibh aithne mhaith agam ar a shearthair Seoirse. Chaith S&eacute;amus fiche bliain i gCol&aacute;iste Maolmhaodh&oacute;g, B&eacute;al Feirste, agus na blianta deiridh mar S.P., Mgr. agus V.G. i nD&uacute;n agus Coinnire. D&rsquo;&eacute;ag s&eacute; i m&iacute; na Samhna 1940.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ag cruinni&uacute; den choiste i mBaile &Aacute;tha Cliath ar an 3 Ean&aacute;ir 1917 ceapadh bunreacht don chumann nua agus glacadh leis ag ollchruinni&uacute; an Chumainn in oifig&iacute; Chonradh na Gaeilge, 25 Cearn&oacute;g Pharnaill, Baile &Aacute;tha Cliath, ar an 20&uacute; Meitheamh 1917. Dh&aacute; saghas comhalta a cheadh sa chumann de r&eacute;ir Bunreachta:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Sagairt a bh&iacute; in ann gn&oacute; an chreidim a dh&eacute;anamh tr&iacute; Ghaeilge agus<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Sagairt a bh&iacute; toilteanach cabhr&uacute; le hobair an Chumainn. C&uacute;ig scilling an s&iacute;nti&uacute;s bliana agus choinnigh an chraobh &aacute;iti&uacute;il a leath.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Bh&iacute; coiste an-mh&oacute;r le roghn&uacute; &ndash; leasuachtar&aacute;n as gach c&uacute;ige, sagart as gach fairche agus gach ord, 4 as Maigh Nuad agus 4 as Baile &Aacute;tha Cliath agus 6 comhthoighte, sin timpeall 60 ar fad.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Is beag a chualathas faoin chumann ar feadh bliana ina dhiaidh sin. &ldquo;Caithfidh an cumann teacht amach as an dorchadas&rdquo;, a scr&iacute;obh sagart ar <em>The Leader <\/em>17 L&uacute;nasa 1918. Chonacthas do na baill gurbh &eacute; an bealach a b&rsquo;&eacute;ifeachta&iacute; le teacht amach as an dorchadas n&aacute; tr&eacute;imhseach&aacute;n d&aacute; gcuid f&eacute;in a fhoilsi&uacute;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-roman;\"><strong>III.<\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&ldquo;AN S&Iacute;OLAD&Oacute;IR&rdquo;<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">I m&iacute; I&uacute;il 1920 foils&iacute;odh an ch&eacute;ad uimhir de r&aacute;itheach&aacute;n nua an Chumainn, <em>An S&iacute;olad&oacute;ir<\/em>, ar 2\/6 ch&oacute;ip. Bh&iacute; litreacha molta agus taca&iacute;ochta &oacute; sheisear den Chliarlathas i gcl&oacute; sa dara huimhir, an t-ioml&aacute;n acu i mB&eacute;arla. Scr&iacute;obh an Cairdin&eacute;al &Oacute; Maolmhaodh&oacute;g; &ldquo;I have no doubt it would contribute largely to the spread and use of the language, especially in Irish-speaking districts.&rdquo; Ach aisteach go leor is i mB&eacute;arla a scr&iacute;obh s&eacute;, c&eacute; gur ar imeall na Gaeltachta i dT&iacute;r Chonaill a t&oacute;gadh &eacute; agus go mb&iacute;odh s&eacute; ina mh&uacute;inteoir Gaeilge i Maigh Nuad. I mB&eacute;arla a scr&iacute;obh an tEaspag Mag Ruair&iacute; chomh maith, Cairdin&eacute;al n&iacute;os d&eacute;ana&iacute;. N&iacute; hiontas liom sin, mar n&iacute; raibh ach beag&aacute;n abairt&iacute; i nGaeilge aige, c&eacute; go raibh s&eacute; iontach b&aacute;i&uacute;il leis an teanga mar a chonaic m&eacute; f&eacute;in go minic le linn m&rsquo;&oacute;ige. Teachtaireacht mhisnigh a sheol s&eacute;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">It borders on the heroic to attempt to start a magazine at the present, when the cost of paper and labour is so great; but as against this, thank God, you have at your back a national spirit that has risen far more in the last four or five years that even the cost of printing<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">An tAth. Riste&aacute;rd Pl&eacute;imionn, sagart c&uacute;nta i Rae an Iarthair san am, a bh&iacute; mar eagarth&oacute;ir ar <em>An S&iacute;olad&oacute;ir<\/em>. Is cuimhim liom go maith sna daicheada&iacute; &eacute; nuair a bh&iacute; s&eacute; ina shagart par&oacute;iste i R&aacute;th Maonais. Fear righin l&aacute;idir &eacute; agus is minic &eacute; ag troma&iacute;ocht ar neamhshuim na cl&eacute;ire agus ar &uacute;s&aacute;id an Bh&eacute;arla ag Sagairt sa Ghaeltacht. T&aacute; n&oacute;ta B&eacute;arla aige sa ch&eacute;ad uimhir, mar shampla;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 1px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">We have seen it stated by a writer in a provincial paper that in many parishes (names given) with which he was acquainted there has not been sermon in Irish or the past twenty years, though 90% of the people use the Irish language. The Cumann na Sagart must see to it that this state of affairs is ended.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Sin &eacute; a ch&eacute;ad uair, d&aacute;lta an sc&eacute;il, a chonaic me tagairt do Chumann na Sagart (n&iacute; Cumann na Sagart nGaedhealach). Luaigh an t-eagarth&oacute;ir gur ceapadh an tAth. Mac Leanach&aacute;in ina uachtar&aacute;n ar Chol&aacute;iste Maolmhaodh&oacute;g, B&eacute;al Feirste, agus ar an &aacute;bhar sin go raibh air &eacute;ir&iacute; as bheith ina r&uacute;na&iacute;, agus thug s&eacute; ard mholadh d&oacute;: &ldquo;We venture to say that there would be no Cumann na Sagart nGaedhealach in existence&hellip;&hellip;..but for his strenuous and unremitting labours&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&rsquo;fh&aacute;g an t-athr&uacute; sin uachtar&aacute;n agus r&uacute;na&iacute; nua ar an Chumann &ndash; Risteard Pl&eacute;imionn mar uachtar&aacute;n chomh maith le bheith ina eagarth&oacute;ir ar <em>An S&iacute;olad&oacute;ir<\/em> agus Uait&eacute;ar Mac D&oacute;naill, sagart eile de chuid Bhaile &Aacute;tha Cliath, ina r&uacute;na&iacute;. Tugadh moladh ar leith do na fairch&iacute;, Tuaim agus D&uacute;n is Coinnire. Agus i measc na s&iacute;nti&uacute;s&oacute;ir in uimhir na Nollag feiceann t&uacute; ainm Eric Mhic Fhinn, laoch eile de chuid an chumainn at&aacute; beo go f&oacute;ill agus &eacute; timpeall n&oacute;cha bliain d&rsquo;aois. Sa ch&eacute;ad uimhir eile a d&rsquo;fhoilsigh s&eacute; a ch&eacute;ad alt ins <em>An S&iacute;olad&oacute;i<\/em>r faoi <em>Navigatio Sti Brendani<\/em>; bh&iacute; s&eacute; ag scr&iacute;obh ins <em>An Sagart<\/em> n&iacute;os m&oacute; n&aacute; caoga bliain ina dhiaidh sin, fad d&iacute;lseachta nach s&aacute;r&oacute;far go deo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A fhad is mhair <em>An S&iacute;olad&oacute;ir<\/em> n&iacute;l deacracht ar bith againn a dh&eacute;anamh amach cad iad na fairch&iacute; a bh&iacute; gn&iacute;omhach i gCumainn na Sagart agus na fairch&iacute; a bh&iacute; ina dtost. Seachas Fearna, Tuaim agus D&uacute;n an Coinnire, bh&iacute; Baile &Aacute;tha Cliath, Ciarra&iacute;, Port L&aacute;irge, Luimneach, Caiseal agus Ros go maith. F&oacute;gra&iacute;odh in uimhir an Fh&oacute;mhair 1921 go raibh craobh nua &aacute; cur ar bun i bhfairche Dhoire agus n&iacute;os m&oacute; n&aacute; tr&iacute;ocha ball ann, agus craobh curtha ar bun i gCill Dara faoi sti&uacute;r&uacute; an tAth. Liam Miller, &ldquo;Le teacht na s&iacute;och&aacute;na&rdquo;, a deir an t-eagarth&oacute;ir, &ldquo;beimid ag s&uacute;il le craobh den chumann i nach fairche&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In uimhir na Nollag 1921 a sroiseadh barr buaiche an Chumainn ina r&eacute; tosaigh, dar liom. Bh&iacute; an Dr. &Eacute;amon &Oacute; Broim tar &eacute;is teacht i gcomharbas ar an Dr. Liam Breathnach mar Ardeaspag ar Bhaile &Aacute;tha Cliath. Foils&iacute;odh an dileagra &oacute;n chl&eacute;ir agus &oacute; Chomhairle na cathrach don Ardeaspag nua agus a fhreagra i ngach c&aacute;s. I nGaeilge amh&aacute;in a bh&iacute; na c&aacute;ip&eacute;is&iacute; ar fad. Bh&iacute; cuntas ar chruinni&uacute; cinn bhliana an Chumainn ar 20&uacute; Deireadh F&oacute;mhair 1921. Chuaigh an tEaspag &Oacute; D&oacute;naill i gceannas an chruinnithe; bh&iacute; timpeall 20 sagart i l&aacute;thair, a mbun&uacute;s &oacute; Bhaile &Aacute;tha Cliath; ach ba &eacute; an nuacht a b&rsquo;fhearr a chuala siad go raibh m&eacute;ad&uacute; m&oacute;r tagtha ar bhallra&iacute;ocht an chumainn &oacute; 240 i 1920 go dt&iacute; 407 i 1921. Seachas na deois&iacute; at&aacute; luaite agam cheana, bh&iacute; Ard Achaidh tar &eacute;is teacht ar aghaidh go tapa chun bheith ar an deoise ba l&aacute;idre i gC&uacute;ige Ard Mhacha agus bh&iacute; bogadh &eacute;igin i gCorcaigh. Ach go f&oacute;ill f&eacute;in n&iacute; raibh ach s&eacute; n&iacute;re (na seanchinn), agus Cill Dara, Doire agus Baile &Aacute;tha Cliath (na cinn nua). Comhalta&iacute; aonar&aacute;nacha a bh&iacute; sna fairch&iacute; eile, gan craobh &aacute;iti&uacute;il ag obair iontu. Mhair an laige sin san Chumann anuas go dt&iacute; an l&aacute; inniu. Ach bh&iacute; an tUachtar&aacute;n ag s&uacute;il go mbeadh m&eacute;ad&uacute; m&oacute;r feasta de bhr&iacute; go raibh an ts&iacute;och&aacute;in i r&eacute;im athuair.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-roman;\"><strong>IV.<\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">MEATH AGUS ATHFH&Aacute;S<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Ba bheag a chiall, faraor. Is &eacute; an ch&eacute;ad uimhir eile de <em>An S&iacute;olad&oacute;ir<\/em> an ceann deireanach. An nao&uacute; huimhir at&aacute; ann, t&uacute;s leis an tri&uacute; bliain agus Samhradh 1922 marc&aacute;ilte air. Ach n&iacute; d&oacute;cha go dt&aacute;inig se amach go dt&iacute; i bhfad ina dhiaidh sin. Faoi shamhradh 1922 bh&iacute; cogadh na mBr&aacute;thar faoi l&aacute;nseol agus is &eacute; an 3&uacute; Samhain 1922 at&aacute; ar an <em>Imprimi Potest. <\/em>&Oacute;n am sin amach bh&iacute; <em>An S&iacute;olad&oacute;ir<\/em> marbh, agus n&iacute;or mhair an cumann i bhfad ina dhiaidh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Is beag an chualathas &oacute; Chumann na Sagart nGaedhealach ina dhiaidh sin ar feadh corradh le deich mbliain. Bhuail an cogadh Cathardha buille uaf&aacute;sach ar ghluaiseacht na Gaeilge I gcoitinne agus thit na sc&oacute;rtha craobh de Chonradh na Gaeilge as a ch&eacute;ile i 1922 agus 1923. Bh&iacute; an sc&eacute;al c&eacute;anna le hinsint faoin Ghaeilge i Maigh Nuad. M&aacute; amharcann t&uacute; ar <em>Irishleabhar Muighe Nuadhat<\/em> 1924, castar tagairt ort go tapa don lagthr&aacute; a bh&iacute; tagtha i r&eacute;im sa chol&aacute;iste:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Is l&eacute;ir go bhfuil meath tahaithe ar an spiorad sa toigh seo. N&iacute; h&eacute; sin amh&aacute;in, ach is beag n&aacute; go bhfuil an spiorad imithe ar fad. An neamhshuim do cuireadh ar siubhal in &Eacute;irinn uilig beagnach, bh&iacute; s&iacute; f&oacute;s i mbun na faillighe i Maigh Nuadhat<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Mhar an suan sin sa chuid is m&oacute; den t&iacute;r ar feadh c&uacute;ig bhliain d&eacute;ag go garbh, &oacute; 1923 go 1938, ach l&eacute;irigh c&uacute;pla fairche beocht &eacute;igin roimhe sin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I Luimneach agus i gCiarra&iacute; a th&aacute;inig an athmh&uacute;scailt i dt&uacute;s ama. D&rsquo;fh&aacute;g s&eacute; sin go raibh craobhacha ann ar feadh dorn&aacute;n bliain de chumann n&aacute;r athbhuna&iacute;odh ar bhonn n&aacute;isi&uacute;nta go f&oacute;ill. An tAth. Tom&aacute;s de Bh&aacute;l a d&rsquo;atheagraigh an chraobh i Luimneach agus d&rsquo;fhreastail 26 sagart ar an chruinni&uacute; tionscnaimh a ghairm s&eacute; in &Oacute;st&aacute;n de Cr&uacute;is i 1929. &Oacute;n bhliain sin ar aghaidh bh&iacute; dream sagairt ag teacht le ch&eacute;ile i bhfairche Luimn&iacute; go rialta agus ghlac siad de dhualgas orthu f&eacute;in na paidreacha tar &eacute;is Aifrinn a r&aacute; i nGaeilge gach Domhnach, seanm&oacute;ir Gaeilge a thabhairt l&aacute; Fh&eacute;ile P&aacute;draig ar a laghad agus iomainn Ghaeilge a bheith &aacute; gcanadh ag c&oacute;racha faoina sti&uacute;ir. Thion&oacute;ilt&iacute; cruinni&uacute; ginear&aacute;lta dh&aacute; uair sa bhliain, san Earrach n&oacute; san Fh&oacute;mhar, agus bh&iacute;odh l&eacute;acht n&oacute; dinn&eacute;ar ann ar an &oacute;c&aacute;id sin. Bh&iacute;odh tr&iacute; n&oacute; ceithre mionchruinni&uacute; in aghaidh na bliana chomh maith, nuair a thigeadh dream beag sagart le ch&eacute;ile i dteach duine acu chun b&eacute;ile agus caidrimh tr&iacute; Ghaeilge. Measaim gurbh &iacute; an sc&eacute;im scol&aacute;ireachta&iacute; chun na Gaeltachta do &aacute;bhair sagairt a bhunaigh craobh Luimn&iacute; i 1946 an tionscnamh ba mh&oacute; rath a chuir an chraobh i gcr&iacute;ch. I mBaile na nGall a bhaineadh siad f&uacute;thu i dt&uacute;s ama, ach &oacute;n uair ga t&oacute;gadh Br&uacute; na Gr&aacute;ige, thosaigh siad ag dul siar ansin in &eacute;ineacht le slua an tAth. Tadhg &Oacute; Murch&uacute;. D&rsquo;fh&aacute;n an Ath. De Bh&aacute;l ina uachtar&aacute;n ar Chraobh Luimn&iacute; go dt&iacute; 1950.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deir muintir Chiarra&iacute; liom nach fada a bh&iacute; siad chun deiridh ar Luimneach in athbhun&uacute; an Chumainn &ndash; mar sin f&eacute;in, n&iacute; d&oacute;igh liom gur tion&oacute;ladh an cruinni&uacute; athbheochana i dTr&aacute; L&iacute; go dt&iacute; Me&aacute;n Fh&oacute;mhair 1936. Beirt shagart a ba chiontach leis an athbheochan n&iacute; amh&aacute;in i bhfairche Chiarra&iacute; ach ar fud na t&iacute;re ar ball: An tAth Roibeard Breathnach, S.P. Cnoc na gCaiseal agus an tAth. Liam &Oacute; Fearghusa, S.P. Beal &Aacute;tha Longfoirt, Moladh le Dia go bhfuil an tAth. Breathnach beo beatha&iacute;och agus i mbun a ch&uacute;raim go f&oacute;ill &ndash; gura fada buan i mbarr na sl&aacute;inte &eacute;. Cheili&uacute;raigh se seasca bliain sagartachta anuraidh. S&iacute;lim go mba dheas an &eacute; teachtaireacht dea-mh&aacute;ine a chur chuige &oacute;n chruinni&uacute; seo den chumann a d&rsquo;athbhunaigh s&eacute; caoga &oacute; shin. Beidh &aacute;thas air a fh&aacute;il amach nach bhfuil a chuimhne ligthe chun dearmaid tar &eacute;is an leithch&eacute;ad.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B&aacute; &eacute; an tAth. Liam &Oacute; Fearghusa a toghadh ina uachtar&aacute;n ar Chraobh Chiarra&iacute; agus mhair s&eacute; sa phost sin ar feadh corradh agus fiche bliain. Bh&iacute; cos&uacute;lacht mh&oacute;r idir an cl&aacute;r bliant&uacute;il a chuireadh siad i gcr&iacute;ch i gCiarra&iacute; agus cl&aacute;r craoibhe Luimn&iacute;, i.e. m&oacute;rchruinni&uacute; uair n&oacute; dh&oacute; sa bhliain, san earrach agus san fh&oacute;mhar, ag a leit&iacute; p&aacute;ip&eacute;ar agus d&iacute;osp&oacute;ireacht ina dhiaidh; foils&iacute;odh leabhr&aacute;n den leagan caighde&aacute;nach de na gn&aacute;thphaidreacha do na scoileanna, agus bhronnta&iacute; deontais ar na h&aacute;bhair sagart a bh&iacute;odh ag dul &oacute; Br&uacute; na Gr&aacute;ige. Fuair muintir Chiarra&iacute; amach go raibh craobh de Chumann na Sagart nGaedhealach beo i bhfairche amh&aacute;in san Iarthar agus sa Tuaisceart agus d&aacute; bhr&iacute; sin lorg an tAth. &Oacute; Fearghusa cead ar R&uacute;na&iacute; Aontas Mhaigh Nuad, an Dr. Miche&aacute;l de Br&uacute;n, ceist c&oacute;nasctha eatarthu a th&oacute;g&aacute;il ag an ch&eacute;ad chruinni&uacute; eile den Aontas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sin mar a bh&iacute; an sc&eacute;al nuair a th&aacute;inig Aontas Mhaigh Nuad le ch&eacute;ile sa Chol&aacute;iste 22&uacute; Meitheamh 1937. L&eacute;igh an tAth. Miche&aacute;l Murchada as Baile &Aacute;tha Cliath p&aacute;ip&eacute;ar fada i nGaeilge dar teideal &ldquo; F&aacute;s an Dr&aacute;ma in &Eacute;irinn&rdquo; agus an Dr. Padraig de Br&uacute;n sa chathaoir don &oacute;c&aacute;id. Nuair a bh&iacute; &aacute;bhar an ph&aacute;ip&eacute;ir c&iacute;ortha ag an lucht &eacute;isteachta, mhol an tAth. Liam &Oacute; Fearghuasa na craobhacha &aacute;iti&uacute;la den chl&eacute;ir Ghaelach a cheangal le ch&eacute;ile. &ldquo;Bu&iacute;ochas le Dia&rdquo;, ar seiseanm &ldquo;t&aacute; Cumann na Sagart nGaolach ar si&uacute;l cheanna f&eacute;in agus na hEaspaig ina bp&aacute;tr&uacute;naibh aige i Luimneach, in Ailfionn, i nD&uacute;n is Coinnire, i gCiarra&iacute; agus b&rsquo;fh&eacute;idir i bhfaircheacha eile nach eol dom. Ba mhaith an n&iacute; a leith&eacute;id de chumann do bheith ins gach uile fhairche in &Eacute;irinn agus dar liomsa s&eacute; an tsl&iacute; is fearr chun &eacute; sin do dh&eacute;anamh n&aacute; comhairle n&aacute;isi&uacute;nta Chumainn an Sagairt nGaolach do chur ar bun ar n&oacute;s Comhairle N&aacute;isi&uacute;nta de Chuallacht an Athar Maiti&uacute;&hellip;..Da bhr&iacute; sin molaim mar r&uacute;n don chruinni&uacute; seo comhairle n&aacute;isi&uacute;nta Chumainn na Sagart nGaolach do chur ar bhun, n&oacute; d&rsquo;aithbheochaint, mar cuireadh ar bun anseo cheana f&eacute;in, t&aacute; fiche bliain &oacute; shin&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Chuidigh an tAth. Seamus Mac Leanach&aacute;in as D&uacute;n is Coinnire leis an r&uacute;n, an sagart c&eacute;anna a bh&iacute; mar ch&eacute;ad r&uacute;na&iacute; ar an tsean chumann sc&oacute;r bliain roimhe sin, agus glacadh leis d&rsquo;aon ghuth. Ansin toghadh coiste sealadach mar leanas:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Uachtar&aacute;n:<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"> An Dr. Padraig de Br&uacute;n, Maigh Nuad<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Ceathrar Leasuachtar&aacute;in<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">: S&eacute;amus Mac Leanach&aacute;in (C.Ard Mhacha), Miche&aacute;l &Oacute; Murchadha (C. Bhaile &Aacute;tha Cliath), Padraig &Oacute; N&eacute;ill &oacute; Luimneach (C. Mumhan), Tom&aacute;s &Oacute; Math&uacute;na &Oacute; Ailfionn (C. Connacht)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">R&uacute;na&iacute;-Cisteoir<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">: Liam &Oacute; Fearghusa &oacute; Chiarra&iacute;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Nuair a th&aacute;inig an coiste le ch&eacute;ile i ndiaidh scaipeadh an tslua, leag siad amach an Bunreacht nua. F&aacute;gadh cusp&oacute;ir an chumainn an-leathan:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 1px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&ldquo;An Ghaedhilg do chur chun cinn chomh maith agus is f&eacute;idir &eacute; i gc&uacute;rsa&iacute; creidimh is eile. N&iacute; m&oacute;r do gach craoibh riaghalacha f&eacute; leith do dh&eacute;anamh i gcomhair a comhalta&iacute; f&eacute;in san rud seo.&rdquo;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Ceangla&iacute;odh ar gach craobh dh&aacute; scilling ar son gach comhalta a dh&iacute;ol leis an Chomhairle N&aacute;isi&uacute;nta ma sh&iacute;nti&uacute;s bliana agus cl&aacute;r oiri&uacute;nach a shol&aacute;thar do na baill. N&iacute; c&oacute;ir aon teanga ach Gaeilge a bheith ar si&uacute;l ag na cruinnithe. &ldquo;Na heaspaig go l&eacute;ir at&aacute; toilteanach, bheadh siad ina bp&aacute;tr&uacute;naibh ag an gCumann&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I bhf&oacute;mhar na bliana sin scr&iacute;obhadh chuig na heaspaig ag lorg a bp&aacute;tr&uacute;nachta agus thoiligh duine is fiche as ochtar easpag is fiche bheith ina bpatr&uacute;in. An rud is m&oacute; a thugann t&uacute; faoi deara faoi na litreacha a th&aacute;inig ar ais uathu, gur i nGaeilge a bh&iacute; siad ar fad, murab ionann agus litreacha 1920. Is fi&uacute; c&uacute;pla ceann acu a l&eacute;amh:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">An Cairdin&eacute;al Mac Ruair&iacute;:<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"> Mar fhreagra don litir uait a th&aacute;inig ind&eacute;, is maith lena Shoilse a r&aacute; leat n&aacute; saoileann (s&eacute;) go bhfuil s&eacute; oireamhnach d&oacute; bheith ina phatr&uacute;n ah Cumann na Sagart nGaedhealach agus gan aon Ghaoluinne aige f&eacute;in. Ach &oacute;ir iarann t&uacute; air &eacute;, t&aacute; s&eacute; toilteanach le bheith &lsquo;na Phatr&uacute;n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">S. &Oacute; Donnghaile, R&uacute;n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">An Dr. P&aacute;draig &Oacute; Cathasaigh Easpag Rois (Ros Ailithir):<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Ag tagairt don gCumann &uacute;d &ndash; is br&eacute;an liom an focal &uacute;d &ldquo;Patron&rdquo; T&aacute; baadh gallda as agus go deimhin n&iacute;l ann ach c&uacute;is gh&aacute;ire agus mhagaidh, f&eacute; mar a chidhtear sa ph&aacute;ip&eacute;ar ur dhein &ldquo;Colonel&rdquo; den &ldquo;Duchess of York&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Cad chuige na patr&uacute;in? Cad is gadh leo? Cad is ceaptha dh&oacute;ibh le d&eacute;anamh?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">N&iacute; mian liom bheith am&rsquo; cheap mhagaidh d&rsquo;einne agus d&aacute; brigh sin, n&aacute; d&eacute;antar patr&uacute;n d&iacute;om.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Is maith an rud &eacute; an Cumann agus t&aacute; s&uacute;il agam go n-&eacute;ireochaidh leis, ach gan bac le p&aacute;tr&uacute;in&iacute;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Tuaim (an d&aacute; Ghualainn)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Chuir m&eacute; an cheist &uacute;d faoi Chumainn na Sagart nGaeghealach faoi bhr&aacute;ghaid an Ard Easpaig ach n&iacute; raibh s&eacute; s&aacute;sta cead a thabhairt dom craobh a bhunughadh gan c&oacute;ip den bhunreacht a fh&aacute;il uait i dtosach.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sagart a bh&iacute; i l&aacute;thair ag an ch&eacute;ad chruinni&uacute; eile, d&uacute;irt se liom gur l&eacute;igh an tAth. &Oacute; Fearghusa an freagra sin amach is ard agus ansin gur dh&uacute;irt s&eacute; &ldquo;Maise n&iacute; Tadhg an d&aacute; thaobh go Tuaim an d&aacute; Ghualainn&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-roman;\"><strong>V.<\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">AN CHL&Eacute;IR<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&Oacute; tharla an cumann ar a bhonna&iacute; athuair socra&iacute;odh go gcuirf&iacute; iris bhliant&uacute;il amach, agus foils&iacute;odh an ch&eacute;ad uimhir de <em>An Chl&eacute;ir<\/em> i ndeireadh 1938. Is iontach an foinse eolais &iacute; ar imeachta&iacute; Chumann na Sagart sna tr&iacute;ochaid&iacute;, agus de bhr&iacute; go bhfuil sc&eacute;al an tAth. U&iacute; Fhearghusa ar gach leathanach, t&aacute; s&eacute; an-ionraice, an-oscailte agus in &aacute;iteanna an-ghreannmhar, Tugann s&eacute; cuntas ar imeachta&iacute; agus ar bhallra&iacute;ocht an chumainn &oacute; fhairche go fairche, agus ar an chruinni&uacute; bhliant&uacute;il san Aula i Maigh Nuad, 21 Meitheamh 1938. Is beag n&aacute;r ceada&iacute;odh don chumann an cruinni&uacute; seo a thion&oacute;l ann ar chor ar bith mar bh&iacute; eagla ar lucht an Aontais go raibh saghas &ldquo;Take-over&rdquo; ar chruinni&uacute; Gaeilge an Aontais ar si&uacute;l ag an chumann. D&aacute; bhr&iacute; sin scr&iacute;obh r&uacute;na&iacute; an Aontais: &ldquo;n&iacute;orbh fhol&aacute;ir cathaoileach nuadh do thoghadh, n&oacute;, ar an gcuid is lugha dhe, an cathaoirleach c&eacute;adna ach &eacute; bheith <em>formaliter distinctus&rdquo;. <\/em>F&aacute;g faoi lucht an dl&iacute; chan&oacute;nda &eacute;; P&aacute;draig &Oacute; N&eacute;ill, an Leasuachtar&aacute;n agus Easpag Luimn&iacute; ar ball scr&iacute;obh an m&eacute;id sin. Eisean a l&eacute;igh p&aacute;ip&eacute;ar Gaeilge an Aontais ar &ldquo;Cosg na hOibre ar an nDomhnach&rdquo;; nuair a bh&iacute; an d&iacute;osp&oacute;ireacht ar an ph&aacute;ip&eacute;ar thart, d&rsquo;fhag an l&eacute;achta&iacute; mar aon leis an chathaoirleach, an tOllamh &Oacute; Fall&uacute;inm an st&aacute;itse agus chuaigh an Dr. P&aacute;draig de Br&uacute;n agus an tAth. &Oacute; Fearghusa i gceannas. Deir s&eacute; go raibh c&uacute;pla c&eacute;ad sagart i l&aacute;thair. M&aacute;s cruinn an comhaireamh sin, caithfidh se gurbh &eacute; sin an tion&oacute;l ba mh&oacute; d&aacute; raibh ag Cumann na Sagart riamh. Bh&iacute; suas le 150 sagart i l&aacute;thair ag cruinni&uacute; bliant&uacute;il 1959 nuair a bh&iacute; an tUachtar&aacute;n &Eacute;amon de Velera mar aoi om&oacute;rach againn, agus sin an slua is m&oacute; d&aacute; bhfaca m&eacute; le mo linn f&eacute;in. Tosa&iacute;onn an r&uacute;na&iacute; a chuntas ar an chruinni&uacute; le faoistin:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 1px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&ldquo;I dtosach na hoibre do dhein an tArdr&uacute;na&iacute; bot&uacute;n m&oacute;r. Bh&iacute; leathanaigh an Chl&aacute;ir Oibre&hellip;..greamuighthe le cheile aige le bior&aacute;n. Do thug s&eacute; do ch&uacute;pla leanbh scoile iad chun c&oacute;ip eile do dh&eacute;anamh d&iacute;obh&hellip;&hellip;.nuair a bh&iacute; a gcuid oibre cr&iacute;ochnaithe aca, n&iacute; le ch&eacute;ile ach tr&eacute; ch&eacute;ile a cuireadh iad&hellip;.&rdquo;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Nochtanna an r&uacute;na&iacute; go raibh craobh den chumann buanaithe anois in 18 deois&iacute; as 27 cinn in &Eacute;irinn, i.e. dh&aacute; thrian. N&iacute; raibh craobh ar bith i gClochar n&aacute; i nDoire sa Tuaisceart, rud is aisteach liom mar bh&iacute; a l&aacute;n Gaeilgeoir&iacute; sa d&aacute; fhairche san am (ach is cos&uacute;il gur breoiteacht an r&uacute;na&iacute; &aacute;iti&uacute;il a ba chionta&iacute;): n&iacute; raibh craobh i bhFearna, Osra&iacute;, Cill Da Lua, Port L&aacute;irge, Ros, Tuaim n&aacute; Cill Ala. Maidir leis na hOird, mha&iacute;gh an r&uacute;na&iacute; go raibh craobh bunaithe in dh&aacute; dtrian acu mar an gc&eacute;anna.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">F&aacute;gadh an cathaoirleach agus an r&uacute;na&iacute; mar a bh&iacute; siad, ach cuireadh an tAth. S&eacute;amus &Oacute; Briain &oacute; Chill Dara ar an choiste mar ionada&iacute; &oacute; Ch&uacute;ige Laighean agus &aacute;r seanchara an tAth. Tom&aacute;s de Bh&aacute;l, mar ionada&iacute; &oacute; Ch&uacute;ige Mumhan. Toghadh an tAth. Se&aacute;n Mac Guairem C.SS.R., an tAth. Aibhist&iacute;n &Oacute; Murchadha, C.M., agus an tAth. Martan &Oacute; Mathghamhna, C.S.Sp. mar theachta&iacute; &oacute; na hOird. T&aacute; cuid de na cuntais &oacute; na craobhacha &aacute;iti&uacute;la bar&uacute;il go maith:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&Oacute; Dhroim M&oacute;r:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 1px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">N&iacute;l R&uacute;naidhne ar bith ag an Easbog ach thug an tEaspog f&eacute;in do litreacha damh-sa tamaill maith &oacute; shoin. Go dt&iacute; sin n&iacute;or chualaidh sinn i nDruim Mh&oacute;r a dhath f&aacute; thaobh de &lsquo;Cumann na Sagart nGaedhealach&rsquo;. N&iacute;l craobh againn go f&oacute;ill, ach mar &ldquo;is leor sagart amh&aacute;in mar chraobh&rdquo;. Cuirfidh mise an tAth. Tom&aacute;s &Oacute; Cearbhaill&hellip;..t&uacute;s ar an obair&hellip;.&rdquo;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&Oacute; Phort L&aacute;irge<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 1px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&ldquo;Is oth liom a r&aacute;dh&hellip; gur theip orm an chroabh a bhunughadh. Dream do-bhogtha na sagairt seo againne.&rdquo;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Sa chuntas &oacute; Chiarra&iacute; t&aacute; cur s&iacute;os ar stair na craoibhe &oacute; athbhuna&iacute;odh &iacute; 1 1936 &iacute; ag an dinn&eacute;ar i dTr&aacute; L&iacute;.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 1px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&ldquo;Ag an ndinn&eacute;ar bh&iacute; an cl&aacute;r b&iacute;dh i mB&eacute;arla agus chuir comhalta na choinnibh. Do mhol se don chruinni&uacute; gan an dinn&eacute;ar do chaitheamh in aon chor mar gheall ar an bhfaillighe seo, ach n&iacute;or cualathas &eacute;. Bh&iacute; an chuid eile r&oacute;-gn&oacute;thach&rdquo;. (Is d&oacute;cha, d&aacute;lta N.Eoin ag cur s&iacute;os air f&eacute;in ina Shoisc&eacute;al f&eacute;in, gurbh &eacute; an tAth. &Oacute; Fearghusa f&eacute;in a th&oacute;g an cheist)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">T&aacute; cur s&iacute;os ann ar chom&oacute;rtas sp&eacute;isi&uacute;il I measc na cl&eacute;ire in gCiarra&iacute; I 1938:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 1px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&ldquo;Ag an st&aacute;isi&uacute;in generalta indiu in Eadarghobhail bh&iacute; com&oacute;rtas idir an Ath. Cathal &Oacute; Suilleabh&aacute;in agus sagart eile, san leabhar, &lsquo;An tOileanach&rsquo;. Is iongantach an Gaedheal an Ath. Cathal agus 64 blianta d&rsquo;aois aige&hellip;..t&aacute; &lsquo;An tOile&aacute;nach&rsquo; l&eacute;ighte aige anois dh&aacute; uair deag! T&aacute; an sagart eile ag imirt leis an nHaoluinn&hellip;.le dachad bliadhain nach m&oacute;r, ach n&iacute; raibh &lsquo;An tOileanach&rsquo; l&eacute;ighte aige ach dh&aacute; uair&hellip;..ochtar sagart i l&aacute;thair&hellip;&hellip;&rsquo;na suidhne ar st&oacute;l fada in aice le cruaich mh&oacute;na. Tugadh tosach don tarna sagart&hellip;&hellip; agus do chuaidh an tAth. Cathal ar ch&uacute;l na cruaiche. Dubhairt an scr&uacute;daightheoir: &lsquo;foscail leathnach a 114, l&eacute;igh agus aistrigh ab mh&iacute;r dheiridh&hellip;.ina haistri&uacute; dh&oacute; di ch&uacute;l s&eacute; on ch&eacute;ad abairt&hellip;&hellip;Annsan do ghlaodhadh an Ath Cathal &oacute;n taobh eile den chruaich. Do l&eacute;igh se agus d&rsquo;aistrigh an mh&iacute;r uile gan stad gan bharrathuisleadh. Do thug an scr&uacute;daighteoir a bhreitheamhntas&hellip;.An Ath Cathal, 96 f&eacute; ch&eacute;ad, an sagart 95 d&eacute; ch&eacute;ad. Bualadh bas. Comhghairdeachas leis an Ath O Suilleabh&aacute;in. An Sagart eile go gruamdha. Brat&rdquo; {Bh&iacute; saol simpl&iacute; ag an chl&eacute;ir san ainsir sin}<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Litir &oacute; Chaiseal:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&Oacute;s rud &eacute; gur R&uacute;naidhne n&aacute;isi&uacute;nta tusa, b&rsquo;fh&eacute;idir go mbeadh comhacht agat stop do chur leis an scrios seo &ndash; Cumann na Sagart nGaolach. Nach ceart tr&iacute; siolla&iacute; bheith sa bhfocal sin &ndash; mar Gaedhealach, agus nach m&oacute;r an deifridheacht at&aacute; idir brigh an fhocail, Gaolach agus focal Gaedhealach {Caithfidh gur lorg s&eacute; an focal Gaolach i bhfocl&oacute;ir U&iacute; Dhuinn&iacute;n, &lsquo;Sweetheart&rsquo; an ch&eacute;ad mh&iacute;ni&uacute; a thugann s&eacute;}<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Cuntas an R&uacute;na&iacute; n&aacute;isi&uacute;nta ar Achadh Conaire:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 1px;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">61 Sagart 3 comhalta &ndash; Liam Mac Philb&iacute;n, Se&aacute;n Breathnach agus sagart eile nach cuimhim liom a ainm.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Ar feadh m&rsquo;eolais n&iacute;or th&aacute;inig ach uimhir amh&aacute;in eile de <em>An Chl&eacute;ir<\/em> amach (1939). N&iacute;l s&iacute; ionchurtha &oacute; thaobh eolais n&oacute; sp&eacute;isi&uacute;lachta le huimhir 1938; liosta&iacute; tura s&iacute;nti&uacute;s&oacute;ir&iacute; is m&oacute; at&aacute; ann. Faoin am sin bh&iacute; t&uacute;s curtha leis an Dara Cogadh Domhanda, cuireadh cosc ar thaisteal na ngluaiste&aacute;in agus d&rsquo;&eacute;irigh an p&aacute;ip&eacute;ar gann.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Chuir na ruda&iacute; sin isteach go m&oacute;r ar phleananna an Ath. U&iacute; Fhearghusa, agus de r&eacute;ir a ch&eacute;ile dh&iacute;righ s&eacute; ar Chiarra&iacute; n&iacute;os m&oacute; n&aacute; ar an chuid eile den t&iacute;r. Lean s&eacute; ar aghaidh lena sheanm&oacute;ireacht dh&aacute;theangach, lena chluich&iacute; nuachumtha agus le go leor bearta pearsanta eile do deireadh a shaoil. Bh&iacute; s&eacute; thar n&oacute;cha bliain d&rsquo;aois nuair a d&rsquo;eag s&eacute; ar an 18&uacute; Nollaig 1971, l&eacute;iri&uacute; eile ar chomh &ldquo;saolach&rdquo; is a bh&iacute; seanfhund&oacute;ir&iacute; Chumann na Sagart, Go dtuga Dia luach saothair s&iacute;ora&iacute; d&oacute;ibh go l&eacute;ir ar neamh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gan <em>An Chl&eacute;ir<\/em> mar fhoinse eolais, is doiligh bheith cinnte c&eacute; mh&eacute;ad beochta a d&rsquo;fh&aacute;n ina l&aacute;n de na craobhacha &aacute;iti&uacute;la sna daicheada&iacute;. Bh&iacute; craobhacha mat Chairra&iacute;, Cluain Feartam etc..a shol&aacute;thraigh c&uacute;pla l&eacute;acht in aghaidh na bliana I rith an chogaidh ar fad agus a lean ar aghaidh le cl&aacute;r speisialta tr&iacute; na daicheada&iacute; is na saogada&iacute;. I gc&aacute;s a l&aacute;n craobhacha eile n&iacute;or chiallaigh s&eacute; ach go ndeachaigh sagart thart lelinn an Ch&uacute;rsa Spioradalta agus gur bhailigh se an s&iacute;nti&uacute;s bliana, c&uacute;ig scillig b&rsquo;fheidir, &oacute; roinnt d&aacute; chomhchl&eacute;ir a bh&iacute; b&aacute;i&uacute;il leis an teanga. Nuair a rinneadh an tOireachtas a athbheochan &oacute; 1939 ar aghaidh, aistr&iacute;odh cruinni&uacute; cinnbhliana Chumann na Sagart go haimsir an Oireachtas agus is mar sin a bh&iacute;odh s&eacute; nuair a chur m&eacute; eolas pearsanta air. Rinne An tAth. Donnchadh &Oacute; Floinn an-iarracht le bru nua a chur ann go luath sna daicheada&iacute; agus an tAth. Aindrias Mac Aog&aacute;in, C.S.Sp. ina dhiaidh sin, ach bh&iacute; an cumann an-lag go luath sna caogada&iacute;. Chun a l&eacute;iri&uacute; daoibh caide chomh lag is a bh&iacute; s&eacute;, ainmn&iacute;odh m&eacute; f&eacute;in mar r&uacute;na&iacute; ar an chumann ag an Oireachtas i 1953 gan m&eacute; a bhieth i l&aacute;thair ag an chruinni&uacute; agus tugadh mar dhualgas dom craobh a bhun&uacute; i bhfairche &Aacute;tha Cliath gan aithne agam san am ach ar ch&uacute;pla sagart ar fad i mBaile &Aacute;tha Cliath. N&iacute;or tion&oacute;ladh cruinni&uacute; ar bhith den choiste n&aacute;isi&uacute;nta do dt&iacute; an ch&eacute;ad Oireachtas eile.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-roman;\"><strong>VI.<\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">LE GL&Uacute;IN ANUAS<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Measaim gur don Ath. Eoghan &Oacute; Fr&iacute;ghil as fairche R&aacute;th Bhoth at&aacute; an chreidi&uacute;int ag dul go dt&aacute;inig an cumann sl&aacute;n &oacute;n bh&aacute;s an uair &uacute;d. Ceapadh ina r&uacute;na&iacute; I 1954 &eacute; faoi uachtar&aacute;nacht an Ath, Mhic Aog&aacute;in agus le litreacha agus cuirth&iacute;, agus l&eacute;acht &oacute;n Dr. Sean Mac C&aacute;rthaigh mar mhealladh breise, d&rsquo;eirigh leis cruinni&uacute; bliant&uacute;il bre&aacute; l&aacute;idir a thion&oacute;l le linn Oireachtas 1955. Nuair a bh&iacute; an l&eacute;acht thart, cuireadh m&rsquo;ainm chun tosaigh mar &aacute;bhar uachtar&aacute;in agus tar eis v&oacute;t&aacute;la fuair m&eacute;, m&eacute; f&eacute;in sa chathaoir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">N&iacute;l s&eacute; ar intinn agam cuntas a thabhairt daoibh inniu ar stair an chumainn le linn an dosaen bliain a bh&iacute; m&eacute; mar uachtar&aacute;n air. Bh&iacute; se d&rsquo;&aacute;dh orm beirt sh&aacute;r r&uacute;na&iacute; a bheith agam sa tr&eacute;imhse sin, An tAth. Eoghan &Oacute; Frigh&iacute;l (Rath Bhoth) &amp; An tAth. Caoimh&iacute;n de L&iacute;on (Baile &Aacute;tha Cliath). Ceann de na ch&eacute;ad ruda&iacute; a rinneamar ainm oifigi&uacute;il an chumainn a athr&uacute; go Cumann na Sagart agus an &ldquo;Gaelach&rdquo; a fh&aacute;g&aacute;il ar l&aacute;r. Throid cuid se na seanfhond&uacute;ir&iacute; go f&iacute;ochmhar in aghaidh an athraithe. Mh&aacute;igh an tAth. Mac Giolla &Iacute;r, O.M.I go caithfeadh ain, gach cumann a l&eacute;iri&uacute; c&eacute;n cusp&oacute;ir a bh&iacute; roimhe. Ansin scairt Proinsiasach &oacute; ch&uacute;l an halla: &ldquo; Cad faoi Chumann na mBan?&rdquo; agus thit an t&oacute;in as an arg&oacute;int le rabharta gair&iacute;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cuireadh t&uacute;s le c&uacute;rsa samhraidh do shagairt agus do &aacute;bhair sagairt sa Ghaeltacht agus d&rsquo;fhreastal a l&aacute;n ar an c&uacute;rsa i Ros Goill agus sa Cheathr&uacute; Rua i ndeireadh na gcaogaid&iacute; agus i dt&uacute;s na seascaid&iacute;. Buna&iacute;odh <em>An Sagart<\/em> mar iris nua an Chumainn in earrach na bliana 1958 agus an tAth. Colm&aacute;n &Oacute; hUalach&aacute;in mar pr&iacute;omhoibr&iacute; air. Beidh se tr&iacute;ocha bliain d&rsquo;aois ag deireadh na bliana seo, agus seachas c&uacute;pla uimhir dh&uacute;bailte th&aacute;inig s&eacute; amach gacht r&aacute;ithe &oacute; shin &ndash; beagnach 120 uimhreacha.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tar &eacute;is Bhliain Phadraig in 1961 buna&iacute;odh Com&oacute;rtas Ghl&oacute;r na nGael in 1962 agus le linn a ch&uacute;ig bhliain fichead at&aacute; s&eacute; beo n&iacute;l amhras orm n&oacute; go ndearna s&eacute; n&iacute;os m&oacute; n&aacute; aon sc&eacute;im eile lena linn sin chun an Ghaeilge a tharraingt amach ar na sr&aacute;ideanna, isteach sna siopa&iacute;, suas ar na cuaill&iacute; f&oacute;gra&iacute;ochta agus isteach i ngach &aacute;it eile ina mb&iacute;onn saol na mbailt&iacute; ag dul ar aghaidh. Mar a mha&iacute;onn an Sti&uacute;rth&oacute;ir, is t&oacute;g&aacute;il pobail at&aacute; ar si&uacute;l. &Oacute; Chuaigh an that P&aacute;draigh &Oacute; Fiannachta i mbun an chom&oacute;rtais, chuir s&eacute; slacht nua air, mh&eacute;adaigh na hiarratais agus na duaiseanna agus bronnfar an tr&oacute;fa&iacute; ar Iarthar Bh&eacute;al Feirste D&eacute; Domhnaigh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ghlacfadh s&eacute; l&eacute;acht eile chun ar cur s&iacute;os a dh&eacute;anamh ar a bhfuil d&eacute;anta ag an tAth. P&aacute;draig faoi choimirce Chumann na Sagart: na foilseach&aacute;in go l&eacute;ir a mb&iacute;onn lip&eacute;ad <em>An Sagart<\/em> orthu idir an leabhar Aifrinn agus an Leicsean&aacute;ir, Cl&aacute;r na Ls&iacute; Gaeilge i Maigh Nuad (8 n-imleabhar), Leachta&iacute; Cholm Cille (17 n-imleabhar), leabhair urnaithe mar <em>Gaird&iacute;n an Anama<\/em> agus go leor foilseach&aacute;n eile, Tion&oacute;l na C&aacute;sca agus Seimine&aacute;r Bliant&uacute;il, an Ollscoil Scairte agus Ollscoil an Phobail, na tion&oacute;l speisialta ar an Diagacht, an Ceol Eaglasta, An Ghaeilge san Eaglais, na tion&oacute;il rialta de r&eacute;ir c&uacute;ig&iacute; chun Gl&oacute;r na nGael a chur ar aghaidh, sti&uacute;rth&oacute;ireacht ar Bhr&uacute; na Gr&aacute;ige agus Com&oacute;radh an Ath. Tadhg &Oacute; Murch&uacute;, agus m&iacute;le rud eile ar a laghad. Sea, is m&oacute; de bheathaisn&eacute;is n&aacute; de stair a bheas sa chaibidil is deireana&iacute; de Stair Chumann na Sagart agus ar an &aacute;bhar sin t&aacute; m&eacute; bu&iacute;och nach ormsa a thiteann se &eacute; a chur le ch&eacute;ile. Gu&iacute;m fad saoil agus sl&aacute;inte d&oacute; mar Eagarth&oacute;ir <em>An Sagart<\/em> agus mar Sti&uacute;rth&oacute;ir Ghl&oacute;r na nGael, don Uachtar&aacute;n agus do na hoifigigh eile agus do bhaill uile an Chumainn san am at&aacute; romhainn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Aguis&iacute;n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Oifigigh Chumann na Sagart<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha;\"><strong><em>(A)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Uachtar&aacute;in<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1916-20&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Tom&aacute;s de Bh&aacute;l (Luimneach) <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1920 &ndash;(?)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Risteard Pl&eacute;imionn (Baile &Aacute;tha Cliath <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1937-41 (?)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. P&aacute;draig de Br&uacute;n (Maigh Nuad)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1941 &ndash; 42 (?)&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Donnchadh &Oacute; Floinn (Maigh Nuad)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1942 &ndash; 55&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Aindrias Mac Aog&aacute;in, C.S.Sp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1955 &ndash; 67&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Tom&aacute;s &Oacute; Fiaich (Ard Mhacha)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1967 &ndash; 69&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. M&aacute;irt&iacute;n &Oacute; Braon&aacute;in, S.&Iacute;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1969 &ndash; 71&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Maolmhaodh&oacute;g &Oacute; Ruairc (Ard Mhacha)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1971 &ndash; 74&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. P&aacute;draig &Oacute; Fiannachta (Ciarra&iacute;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1974 &ndash; 79&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Cathal &Oacute; Gibeall&aacute;in, O.F.M<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1979 &ndash; 83&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. M&aacute;itr&iacute;n Mac Conmara, M.S.C<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1983 &ndash; 86&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Tom&aacute;s Mac Aoidh (Cluain Fearta)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1986 &#8211; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Tadhg Furlong (Caiseal)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha;\"><strong><em>(B)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">R&uacute;naithe<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1916 &ndash; 19&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. S&eacute;amus Mac Leanacha&iacute;n (D&uacute;n agus Coinnire)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1919 &ndash; (?)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Uait&eacute;ir Mac Domhnaill (Baile &Aacute;tha Cliath)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1937 &ndash; (?)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Liam &Oacute; Fearghusa (Ciarra&iacute;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1941 &ndash; 42 (?)&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Criost&oacute;ir &Oacute; Laoi (Caiseal)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1942 &ndash; 52 (?)&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. P&aacute;draig &Oacute; Maolfhabhail (Baile &Aacute;tha Cliath)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1953 &ndash; 54&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Tom&aacute;s &Oacute; Fiaich (Ard Mhacha)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1954 &ndash; 61&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Eoghan &Oacute; Fr&iacute;ghil (R&aacute;th Bhoth)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1961 &ndash; 67&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Caoimh&iacute;n de L&iacute;on (Baile &Aacute;tha Cliath)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <em>(R&uacute;na&iacute; c&uacute;nta &oacute; 1959 ar aghaidh)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1967 &ndash; 68&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Cathal &Oacute; H&aacute;inle (Ardachadh)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1969 &ndash; 71&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. P&aacute;draig &Oacute; H&eacute;alaithe (Ciarra&iacute;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1971 &ndash; 74&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Miche&aacute;l Mac Gr&eacute;ill, S.&Iacute;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1974 &ndash; 75&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. P&aacute;draig &Oacute; Fiannachta (Ciarra&iacute;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1975 &ndash; 80&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. P&aacute;draig &Oacute; H&eacute;alaithe<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1980 &ndash; 86&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. P&aacute;draig &Oacute; Fiannachta<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1986 &#8211; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Seosamh &Oacute; Beaglaoi (Ciarra&iacute;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha;\"><strong><em>(C)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Eagarth&oacute;ir&iacute; &ldquo;An Sagart&rdquo;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1958 &ndash; 63&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Colm&aacute;n &Oacute; Huallach&aacute;in, O.F.M.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; agus An tAth. Tom&aacute;s &Oacute; Fiaich<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1964 &ndash; 73&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. P&aacute;draig &Oacute; Fiannachta<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1974 &ndash; 77&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth.Cathal &Oacute; H&aacute;inle<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1978 &ndash; 88 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. P&aacute;draig &Oacute; Fiannachta<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha;\"><strong><em>(D)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Sti&uacute;rth&oacute;ir&iacute; Ghl&oacute;r na nGael<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1962 &ndash; 72&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. Tom&aacute;s &Oacute; Fiaich<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1972 &ndash; 77&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. P&aacute;draig &Oacute; Fiannachta<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1980 &ndash; 84 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An Br. Doiminic &Oacute; Rodaigh, S.M.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">1984 &ndash; 88&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An tAth. P&aacute;draig &Oacute; Fiannachta<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Iarscr&iacute;bhinn 2016<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Oifigigh Chumann na Sagart<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha;\"><strong><em>(A)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Uachtar&aacute;in<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px;\">\n<p> 1992-1996 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Clement Mac M&aacute;nus<br \/> 1996-1999&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Leon &Oacute;&#8217;M&oacute;rach&aacute;in<br \/> 1999-2004&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; P&aacute;draig &Oacute;&#8217;Croiligh<br \/> 2004-2010 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tadhg &Oacute;&#8217;M&oacute;r&aacute;in<br \/> 2010 &#8230; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&eacute;amus &Oacute;&#8217;h&Eacute;anaigh<\/p>\n<p> <em><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha;\"><strong><em>(B)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">R&uacute;naithe<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha;\"><strong><em>(C)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Eagarth&oacute;ir&iacute; &ldquo;An Sagart&rdquo;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha;\"><strong><em>(D)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Sti&uacute;rth&oacute;ir&iacute; Ghl&oacute;r na nGael<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><br clear=\"all\" \/> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; color: red;\">(<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; color: red;\">Ainmneacha pearsanta f&aacute;gtha gan aistri&uacute; agam<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; color: red;\">. Chuirfeadh l&eacute;arsc&aacute;il go m&oacute;r leis an &aacute;bhar &ndash; par&oacute;ist&iacute; &amp; sr&aacute;ideanna marc&aacute;lta &amp; ainmneacha na sagart luaite. &#8211;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; color: red;\"> H&Oacute;M)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: none;\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">Dublin Diocesan Priests and the 1916 Rising<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">Sagairt dheoise bhaile &Aacute;tha Cliath agus &Eacute;ir&iacute; amach 1916<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">Diarmuid Martin, Ardeaspag Bhaile Atha Cliath<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">(Aistrithe &oacute;n Bh&eacute;arla ag Helen &Oacute; Murch&uacute;)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">Le linn Sheachtain na C&aacute;sca 1916, rinne sagairt Dheoise Bhaile &Aacute;tha Cliath c&uacute;ram do gach uile dhuine a bh&iacute; ina gh&aacute;. Rinneadar sin fi&uacute; agus a mbeatha f&eacute;in &aacute; gcur i mbaol acu.&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A luaithe a shroich an t-eolas &eacute; go raibh an t&Eacute;ir&iacute; Amach ar bun rinne an Moins&iacute;neoir Michael Curran, r&uacute;na&iacute; an Ardeaspaig Walsh ag an am, a shl&iacute; chuig Ardoifig an Phoist. Ba &eacute;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\"> a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">n ch&eacute;ad duine a bhuail leis ansin n&aacute; James Connolly a chuir in i&uacute;l d&oacute; go raibh cead isteach gan bac ag saga<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">i<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">rt. Lorg Curran an Piarsach mar bh&iacute; aithne aige air. D&uacute;irt leis go raibh an tArdeaspag d&iacute;reach f&aacute;gtha aige agus an raibh aon n&iacute; a d&rsquo;fh&eacute;adfadh s&eacute; a dh&eacute;anamh. Ba &eacute; freagra an Phiarsaigh &lsquo;<em>N&iacute;l,<\/em><\/span><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\"> t&aacute;imid chun an gn&oacute; a chr&iacute;ochn&uacute;&rsquo;<\/span><\/em><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">. <\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">Dar leis an bPiarsach bh&iacute; fonn faoistine ar bhaill &aacute;irithe de na h&Oacute;glaigh. Chuige sin, rinne an Moins&iacute;neoir socruithe le beirt shagart &oacute;n Leas-Ardeaglais, an tAthair O&rsquo;Reilly agus an tAthair Flanagan. <em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ag pointe eile, bh&iacute; ar an Athair O&rsquo;Reilly dul go h&Oacute;st&aacute;n Wynn, &aacute;it a raibh fear gonta ag saothr&uacute; an bh&aacute;is. Chun an t-&oacute;st&aacute;n a shroichint, ba tr&iacute; cheantar a raibh tr&eacute;anscaoileadh pil&eacute;ar ar gach taobh ab &eacute;igean d&oacute; si&uacute;l le bair&eacute;ad is s&uacute;t&aacute;n air. Bh&iacute; s&eacute; ar di&uacute;it&eacute; de l&oacute; is d&rsquo;o&iacute;che le linn na dtriobl&oacute;id&iacute; agus aon uair gur iarradh sin air d&rsquo;fh&eacute;ach i<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">na<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\"> ndiaidh iad si&uacute;d a bh&iacute; ag f&aacute;il bh&aacute;is.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Chinntigh an tAthair Richard Bowden, Riarth&oacute;ir na Leas-Ardeaglaise, go raibh sagart ar f&aacute;il i gc&oacute;na&iacute; in Ospid&eacute;al Shr&aacute;id Jervis. Chaith s&eacute; f&eacute;in seal ann mar a rinne an tAthair Joseph McArdle agus an tAthair Edward Byrne, a ndearnadh Ardeaspag Bhaile &Aacute;tha Cliath de sa bhliain 1921. N&iacute; raibh dul as acu ach fanacht san ospid&eacute;al, bh&iacute; s&eacute; chomh cont&uacute;irteach taisteal tr&iacute;d na sr&aacute;ideanna.&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">Chaith sagart c&uacute;nta eile, an tAthair John Flanagan, formh&oacute;r Sheachtain na C&aacute;sca in Ardoifig an Phoist. Bhi p&aacute;irt n&aacute;r bheag aige taisteal sl&aacute;n s&aacute;bh&aacute;ilte a dheimhni&uacute; chuig Ospid&eacute;al Shr&aacute;id Jervis don lucht gonta.&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Suas le dh&aacute; sc&oacute;r duine, lorg siad d&iacute;dean san Leas Ardeaglais &oacute; na foirgnimh a bh&iacute; tr&iacute; thine agus &oacute; l&aacute;mhach raidhfil is sliog&aacute;n. Chaith cuid mhaith d&iacute;obh tr&iacute; l&aacute; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">istigh <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">ansin ach le himeacht ama d&rsquo;&eacute;irigh bia gann. Faoi dheireadh na seachtaine bh&iacute; baol ann go rachadh an eaglais f&eacute;in tr&iacute; thine. Is amhlaidh a leath an tine &oacute; Shr&aacute;id U&iacute; Chonaill agus bh&iacute; treoir faighte ag an mbriog&aacute;id d&oacute;ite&aacute;in gan dul amach. Bh&iacute; tine ard ar Shr&aacute;id na hArdeaglaise agus an ghaoth l&aacute;idir ag s&eacute;ideadh p&aacute;ip&eacute;ir&iacute; ar lasadh agus scaotha spr&eacute;acha thar dh&iacute;on na hArdeaglaise. Ba tr&iacute; mh&iacute;or&uacute;ilt a chuaigh an foirgneamh sl&aacute;n. N&aacute;r athraigh treo na gaoithe chuig Shr&aacute;id Iarla Thuaidh. Bh&aacute;saigh deichni&uacute;r duine ar Shr&aacute;id Mhaoilbhr&iacute;de le linn Sheachtain na C&aacute;sca, gach duine d&iacute;obh de dheasca cr&eacute;achta &oacute; urchair. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Thairg duine de na sagairt &oacute; Shr&aacute;id Phroinsias cabhair ag monarcha Jacob, &aacute;it ar bhuail s&eacute; leis an Athair Aloysius, Proinsiasach Caipis&iacute;neach. Agus iad ann chuala said fothram faoi mar a phl&eacute;asc<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">fadh<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\"> buama. N&iacute; buama a bh&iacute; ann, &aacute;fach, ach slua a bhris isteach san oifig ar Shr&aacute;id an Easpaig agus creachad&oacute;ireacht ar intinn acu. Chuaigh an bheirt shagart tr&iacute;d an monarcha go dt&iacute; ionad na hoifige &aacute;it a bhfacadar go leor creachad&oacute;ir&iacute; ag imeacht leo. Labhair siad leis na daoine ar an iompar scannalach a bh&iacute; &aacute; l&eacute;iri&uacute; acu. Bh&iacute; de thoradh air sin gur f&aacute;gadh ar ais m&oacute;r&aacute;n d&aacute; raibh goidte, ar a raibh arml&oacute;n, gunn&aacute;in agus baill &eacute;adaigh.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Is in Ospid&eacute;al M&aacute;ithreachais Shr&aacute;id Holles a chaith na sagairt &oacute; Rae an Iarthair cuid mhaith <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">den <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">am. Is m&oacute; gar tr&oacute;caireach a rinne an tAthair O&rsquo;Reilly agus an tAthair Fleming ar fud an phar&oacute;iste fhad is a d&rsquo;fh&eacute;ach na sagairt go l&eacute;ir i ndiaidh na ndaoine a goineadh le linn an chatha ag Droichead Shr&aacute;id an Mh&oacute;ta. Chaith an tAthair O&rsquo;Reilly tamall chomh maith ag Muilte Bheoll&aacute;in chun s&oacute;l&aacute;s a thabhairt d&rsquo;&Oacute;glaigh a bh&iacute; ag saothr&uacute; an bh&aacute;is, c&eacute; go raibh urchair &aacute; scaoileadh trasna air agus &eacute; ar a shl&iacute; chucu. Le linn an &Eacute;ir&iacute; Amach, bh&iacute; Ospid&eacute;al Shr&aacute;id Holles oscailte do ch&aacute;ch a bh&iacute; gonta. I ndiaidh an gh&eacute;illeadh, chabhraigh otharchairr &oacute; Mh&oacute;tarchlub na h&Eacute;ireann chun othair a thabhairt chuig Ospid&eacute;al San Uinsionn. Ba iad na hotharchairr ch&eacute;anna a d&rsquo;iompar ar&aacute;n agus pl&uacute;r &oacute; Mhuilte Bheoll&aacute;in thar tr&eacute;imhse ceithre l&aacute;, rud a th&aacute;rrth&aacute;il m&oacute;r&aacute;n &oacute;n ngorta.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ghabh<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\"> f&oacute;rsa&iacute; Briotaineacha, agus iad gl&eacute;asta mar shibhialtaigh, t&uacute;r na heaglaise ar Bh&oacute;thar Haddington. Ba &eacute; an sc&eacute;al a bh&iacute; acu don chl&eacute;ir gur chreideadar go raibh &Oacute;glaigh i bhfolach ann. Ach iad in ionad, &aacute;fach, bhain siad leas as an t&uacute;r d&aacute; ngn&oacute;tha&iacute; f&eacute;in. Gairmeadh ar an Athair James Doyle, duine de na sagairt ch&uacute;nta, c&uacute;ram a dh&eacute;anamh d&rsquo;fhear darbh ainm an Leifteanant Hawkins. Tugadh an sagart chuig Uimhir 72 ach bh&iacute; air an b&oacute;thar a thrasn&uacute; faoi thr&eacute;anthreascairt gunna&iacute;. D&rsquo;&eacute;ag an Leifteanant tar &eacute;is na sacraimint&iacute; a ghlacadh. Toisc go raibh g&eacute;araithe faoin am seo ar threise an l&aacute;mhaigh, n&iacute;orbh fhol&aacute;ir don Athair Doyle imeacht tr&iacute;d ch&uacute;ldoras an t&iacute; agus rith leis i bhfiontar b&aacute;is ar ais chun na heaglaise.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bh&iacute; nach m&oacute;r gach sr&aacute;id i bhfoisceacht na gCeithre C&uacute;irteanna gafa ag sn&iacute;p&eacute;ir&iacute; idir mh&iacute;leataigh agus &Oacute;glaigh. Ach rinne an sagart c&uacute;nta, an tAthair Patrick O&rsquo;Byrne, c&uacute;ram d&rsquo;aon duine gonta a cuireadh chuig teach na sagart. Ina theannta sin, sh&aacute;raigh s&eacute; tr&eacute;anl&aacute;mhach gunna&iacute; chun f&oacute;irithint ar dhuine ag 31 Sr&aacute;id Arran Thoir, duine ar shibhialtach neamharmtha &eacute; a fuair urchar sa droim. Chabhraigh s&eacute; chomh maith le beirt eile. Ba Phrotast&uacute;nach duine d&iacute;obh agus ghabh a mhuintir bu&iacute;ochas ina dhiaidh sin leis an sagart as a ndearna s&eacute; d&oacute;. Ar an Aoine, d&rsquo;fh&oacute;ir s&eacute; ar bheirt fhear ar Shr&aacute;id Chapel, ach d&rsquo;&eacute;agadar beirt. D&rsquo;&eacute;ag chomh maith Christopher Lawlor ar tugadh aire d&oacute; ag Sr&aacute;id Halston. Is ag Sr&aacute;id Halston freisin a l&aacute;mhadh sagart c&uacute;nta eile, an tAthair Patrick Kennedy, agus &eacute; i mbun Aifrinn ar an 28&uacute; Aibre&aacute;n. Is amhlaidh a r&eacute;ab pil&eacute;ar tr&iacute;d fhuinneog ghloinedhaite san eaglais ach lean an ceili&uacute;ra&iacute; leis ag l&eacute;amh Aifrinn faoi mar n&aacute;r tharla tada.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">Ba iad na sagairt ag Sr&aacute;id <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">San <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">Sh&eacute;amais an chl&eacute;ir oifigi&uacute;il do Phr&iacute;os&uacute;n Chill Mhaighneann. D&aacute; r&eacute;ir sin, bh&iacute; an tAthair Eugene McCarthy i l&aacute;thair do gach ceann de na b&aacute;suithe chun a dhualgas a chomhl&iacute;onadh an ola dh&eacute;anach a chur ar gach &iacute;ospartach san ionad ar thit s&eacute; marbh. Ar an maidin a raibh b&aacute;s&uacute; an Phluinc&eacute;adaigh beartaithe, tugadh an tAthair McCarthy chuig an bPr&iacute;os&uacute;n n&iacute;os luaithe n&aacute; ba ghn&aacute;ch le haghaidh shearmanas an ph&oacute;sta. Ba &eacute; cuntas an tsagairt <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">ch&eacute;anna <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">ar bh&aacute;s&uacute; U&iacute; Chongha&iacute;le go raibh droch-chaoi ar an bhfear ach go ndearna s&eacute; iarracht seasamh mar a rinne an chuid eile, ach nach raibh sin ar a chumas. Ceangla&iacute;odh le cathaoir &eacute; ach shleamhnaigh s&eacute; go dt&iacute; an pointe gur chaill s&eacute; cothroma&iacute;ocht. Ar deireadh ba gh&aacute; &eacute; a strap&aacute;il le s&iacute;nte&aacute;n a cuireadh ina leaslu&iacute; i gcoinne an bhalla. Ba chuimhne bhuan an radharc sin feasta don Athair McCarthy. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Agus na b&aacute;suithe i gcr&iacute;ch tugadh na corp&aacute;in chuig Phr&iacute;os&uacute;n Chnoc an Arbhair<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\"> d&aacute; n-adhlacadh. Ba &eacute; an tAthair Francis Farrington, sagart c&uacute;nta de chuid phar&oacute;iste Shr&aacute;id Eachdhroim, a bh&iacute; ina sh&eacute;ipl&iacute;neach don Phr&iacute;os&uacute;n sin. Bh&iacute; s&eacute; i l&aacute;thair ar na sochraid&iacute; do thri&uacute;r de na Ceannair&iacute;, an Piarsach, Mac Donncha agus Clarke. Is amhlaidh a chuir Arm na Breataine leora&iacute; chun a th&iacute; ar a tr&iacute; a&rsquo; chlog ar maidin d&rsquo;fhonn &eacute; a thabhairt chun na beairice. Dar lena chuntas f&eacute;in ar ar tharla ansin, chuala s&eacute; an r&uacute;isc urchar ag Cill Mhaighneann agus chonaic s&eacute; iarsma&iacute; na bhfear &aacute; dtabhairt amach. Dar leis bh&iacute; siad &lsquo;<em>ar sn&aacute;mh ina bhfuil f&eacute;in, na coirp f&oacute;s te agus neamhrighin, na bindeal&aacute;in f&oacute;s ag cl&uacute;dach a s&uacute;l, agus a mb&eacute;il ar leathadh<\/em>.&rsquo; Chomhl&iacute;on an tAthair Farrington na deasghn&aacute;tha adhlactha ar a ceathair a&rsquo; chlog agus adhlacadh an tri&uacute;r sin gan ch&oacute;nra i dtr&iacute;nse a bh&iacute; seasca troigh ar fhad.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">Is taith&iacute; eile ar fad ar Sheachtain na C&aacute;sca a bh&iacute; ag sagart eile &oacute; Bhaile &Aacute;tha Cliath. Ba &eacute; sin an tAthair Laurence Stafford. Lorg seisean cead i m&iacute; L&uacute;nasa 2014 feidhmiu mar Sh&eacute;ipl&iacute;neach Chaitliceach d&rsquo;Fh&oacute;rsa Slua&iacute;ochta na Breataine. Bh&iacute; s&eacute; le fada gafa le Fi&uacute;sail&eacute;ir&iacute; Bhaile &Aacute;tha Cliath. Ceapadh &eacute; ina Sh&eacute;ipl&iacute;neach i m&iacute; an Mh&aacute;rta 1915 chun freastal ar an Deichi&uacute; Rann&aacute;n &Eacute;ireannach. Faoi mh&iacute; L&uacute;nasa, bh&iacute; s&eacute; ar bh&aacute;d go dt&iacute; an Chipir, tar &eacute;is stopadh ag M&aacute;lta agus ag Alexandria. Bh&iacute; &lsquo;<em>suas le tr&iacute; mh&iacute;le fear faoina ch&uacute;ram&rsquo;<\/em> ar an turas sin. Thug s&eacute; seirbh&iacute;s i Salonica chomh maith. Ar saoire &oacute;n arm d&oacute;, thug s&eacute; cuairt ar an bPailist&iacute;n. Ar an gc&eacute;ad turas ann thug se cuairt ar Ghail&iacute;l, ar Loch Tiberius agus ar Chapernaum. Ar chuairt eile, thrasnaigh s&eacute; abha na hIord&aacute;ine chun dul go Damascus.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bh&iacute; an tAthair Stafford i dtuaisceart na Breataine Bige faoin 20&uacute; L&uacute;nasa 2016 agus &eacute; ag d&eacute;anamh c&uacute;raim de na h&Oacute;glaigh a bh&iacute; ar a gcoime&aacute;d i bhFrongoch. Bh&iacute; aithne mhaith air ag m&oacute;r&aacute;n de na fir ag Frongoch ach ba dheacair le cuid acu glacadh leis ag an t&uacute;s mar &lsquo;<em>sh&eacute;ipl&iacute;neach caic&iacute;&rsquo;<\/em> de chuid Arm na Breataine. Ba &eacute; an gn&aacute;thamh aige &eacute;ir&iacute; ar a c&uacute;ig gach maidin; Aifreann a l&eacute;amh gach dara l&aacute; sna campa&iacute; uachtair agus &iacute;ochtair; faoistin a chloisint; agus an paidr&iacute;n p&aacute;irteach a r&aacute; m&aacute; bh&iacute; an t-am ann chuige. Maidir leis na fir, dh&eacute;anaidis peil agus liathr&oacute;id l&aacute;imhe a imirt; na nuacht&aacute;in laeth&uacute;la a l&eacute;amh; pian&oacute; a sheint &oacute;s rud &eacute; go raibh teacht ar cheann sa d&aacute; champa n&oacute; an ph&iacute;b Ghaelach. Le linn a sheal ag Frongoch, saoradh cuid mhaith de na pr&iacute;os&uacute;naigh ach ba &eacute; f&eacute;in, an tAthair Larry Stafford, an t&Eacute;ireannach deireanach a bh&iacute; f&aacute;gtha ann faoin 23&uacute; l&aacute; de mh&iacute; na Nollag 1916. Fhad is a bh&iacute; s&eacute; ann, n&iacute;or staon s&eacute; &oacute; sh&iacute;orshaothr&uacute; ar shaoradh na bhfear. Is deacair tarraingt na Nollag a sh&aacute;r&uacute; agus ba &eacute; an arg&oacute;int chlabhs&uacute;ir aige &lsquo;Is &iacute; an Nollaig an Nollaig&rsquo;. <em>&lsquo;Inniu san &aacute;it seo t&aacute; na g&eacute;ibhinn agus na geata&iacute; orthu ar l&aacute;noscailt. Anocht n&iacute; bheidh d&rsquo;&Eacute;ireannaigh i bhFrongoch ach mise i m&rsquo;aonar&rsquo;.<\/em><\/span><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Bookman Old Style',serif;\"><\/span><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">Athruithe, Athruithe&hellip;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Helen &Oacute; Murch&uacute;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Is m&oacute;r agus is l&iacute;onmhar iad na hathruithe at&aacute; feicthe ag baill Chumann na Sagart &oacute; dh&aacute;ta bunaithe an Chumainn ar L&aacute; &lsquo;le Br&iacute;de sa bhliain chinni&uacute;nach sin 1916. Seans, &aacute;fach, gurb iad ionad agus r&oacute;l na mban, sa tsocha&iacute; agus san Eaglais, an t-&aacute;bhar is suaithins&iacute; athraithe sa tr&eacute;imhse sin, &aacute;bhar at&aacute; f&oacute;s faoi dhianphl&eacute;. Ar nd&oacute;igh, bh&iacute; mn&aacute; an-ghn&iacute;omhach san &Eacute;ir&iacute; Amach agus ina dhiaidh ach n&iacute;l na f&iacute;ric&iacute; f&uacute;thu ach ag teacht chun solais le blianta beaga anuas, de r&eacute;ir mar a thosaigh gl&uacute;in nua staraithe [banstaraithe go h&aacute;irithe] ag r&iacute;omh sc&eacute;il n&iacute;os ioml&aacute;ine. N&iacute; chuimhn&iacute;t&iacute; go hiond&uacute;il ach ar an gCuntaois Markievicz agus ar bhua na suffraig&eacute;id&iacute; maidir le cead v&oacute;t&aacute;la do mhn&aacute; a bhaint amach sa bhliain 1918 (faoi R&iacute;ocht Aontaithe na Breataine M&oacute;ire agus na h&Eacute;ireann). Ar nd&oacute;igh ba do mhn&aacute; &lsquo;ciallmhara creidi&uacute;nacha&rsquo; &eacute; sin, mn&aacute; a bh&iacute; thar aois a tr&iacute;ocha agus a raibh seilbh tal&uacute;n acu; ag am a raibh v&oacute;ta ag fir in aois a fiche-haon n&oacute; fi&uacute; in aois a naoi-d&eacute;ag acu si&uacute;d a throid sa Chogadh M&oacute;r. In ainneoin gur tugadh l&aacute;nchead v&oacute;t&aacute;la do mhn&aacute; thar aois a fiche-haon sa bhliain 1922, lean coinn&iacute;oll na seilbhe go dt&iacute; 1928. Agus ar nd&oacute;igh n&iacute;or th&aacute;inig comharba mn&aacute; mar aire rialtais ar an gCuntaois go ceann seasca bliain eile, gur ceapadh M&aacute;ire Geoghegan-Quinn sa bhliain 1979. Ag t&uacute;s na seacht&oacute;id&iacute; c&eacute;anna, bh&iacute; ar st&aacute;tsheirbh&iacute;sigh ban, m&uacute;inteoir&iacute; ina measc, n&oacute; lucht bainc, &eacute;ir&iacute; as a bpoist ar ph&oacute;sadh d&oacute;ibh. Chomh maith leis sin ba leis an athair a dh&iacute;olta&iacute; an li&uacute;ntas leana&iacute; agus n&iacute;or leis an mbean an teach teaghlaigh ach oiread. B&rsquo;in &oacute; thaobh na polait&iacute;ochta agus na reachta&iacute;ochta de. Le daichead bliain anuas t&aacute; an saol sin athraithe go huile is go hioml&aacute;n. Luaitear na c&uacute;rsa&iacute; sin a bhaineann go pr&iacute;omha le <em>strucht&uacute;ir sh&oacute;isialta<\/em> mar ch&uacute;lra le comhth&eacute;acs na hEaglaise agus mn&aacute; inti, strucht&uacute;ir a bh&iacute; patrarcach ad&eacute;arfadh m&oacute;r&aacute;n ban agus a d&rsquo;admh&oacute;dh l&iacute;on m&oacute;r fear. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; N&iacute;l aon amhras ach go raibh mn&aacute; l&iacute;onmhar gn&iacute;omhach sa luathEaglais agus nach raibh feidhmeanna oifigi&uacute;la cosctha orthu inti, ag an t&uacute;s p&eacute; sc&eacute;al &eacute;, go h&aacute;irithe <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">sna heaglais&iacute; t&iacute; ba ghn&aacute;ch an uair sin.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"> &lsquo;Agus chuaigh l&iacute;on na bhfear agus na mban a chreid sa Tiarna n&iacute; ba mh&oacute; i m&eacute;id&rsquo; (<em>Gn&iacute;omhartha na nAspal<\/em> 5:12-16). I litir chuig Thiom&oacute;id (<em>An Tiomna Nua<\/em>) dearbha&iacute;tear go neamhbhalbh, &aacute;fach, nach ceadmhach do bhean teagasc a thabhairt n&oacute; bheith i gceannas ar fhir; n&iacute; m&oacute;r di a bheith ina tost. P&eacute; n&iacute; faoi thuin na teachtaireachta sin, t&aacute; le tuiscint nach fol&aacute;ir n&oacute; bh&iacute; na gn&iacute;omhartha sin at&aacute; le cosc ar bun d&aacute;ir&iacute;re ag mn&aacute;. R&iacute;omhann Diarmaid MacCulloch cuntas sp&eacute;isi&uacute;il (<em>A History of Christianity, <\/em>2009). Luaitear (litreacha P&oacute;il) mar shampla Phoebe mar dheag&aacute;nach, agus na mn&aacute; Prisca, Tryphaena agus Tryphosa, i measc l&iacute;on nach beag eile ban a th&aacute;inig chun solais &oacute; shin, de thoradh taighde bandiagair&iacute; ach go h&aacute;irithe. Glaodh &lsquo;aspal&rsquo; fi&uacute; ar an mbean darbh ainm Junia. Ach f&eacute;ach ar tharla di i stair na hEaglaise ina dhiaidh sin. De r&eacute;ir mar a bh&iacute; strucht&uacute;ir &aacute; dt&oacute;gaint ar mh&uacute;nla na R&oacute;imhe don Eaglais nua a bh&iacute; ag forbairt agus ag iarraidh dul i bhfeidhm ar chin&iacute;oca an domhain mar a threoraigh Cr&iacute;ost d&aacute; Aspail, n&iacute; rabhthas chun dul chun arg&oacute;na leis na noirm sh&oacute;isialta agus chult&uacute;rtha a bh&iacute; coiteann, ceannas fear san &aacute;ireamh. Ar thaobh amh&aacute;in ba chur chuige ab fh&eacute;idir a thuiscint an modh oibre sin a bh&iacute; cuibheasach polaiti&uacute;il. Ar an taobh eile, bh&iacute; de thoradh air gur f&aacute;isceadh teachtaireacht Chr&iacute;ost, eaglais an phobail, laistigh de fhr&aacute;ma tagartha agus cumhachta an tsaoil thuata. Ar an mbonn sin is ar bhonn <em>staid na spiorad&aacute;ltachta<\/em> amh&aacute;in a sainmh&iacute;n&iacute;odh feasta an chothroma&iacute;ocht do ch&aacute;ch a bh&iacute; i dteagasc an tSl&aacute;naitheora. Bh&iacute; glacadh ioml&aacute;n d&aacute; r&eacute;ir leis an scl&aacute;bha&iacute;ocht (Naomh P&oacute;l f&eacute;in bh&iacute; s&eacute; bu&iacute;och de ch&uacute;ram scl&aacute;bha&iacute; carad le linn tr&eacute;imhse pr&iacute;os&uacute;in) agus le ceannas fear sa saol. N&iacute; hionadh go ndearnadh fear de Junia sna cuntais dh&eacute;anacha; tugadh Junius uirthi. Ansin d&rsquo;imigh s&iacute; as an stair eaglasta ar fad go dt&iacute; tamall de bhlianta &oacute; shin. Ag l&eacute;amh scr&iacute;bhinn&iacute; Ph&oacute;il, b&rsquo;fh&eacute;idir a r&aacute; go raibh s&eacute; i gcoitinne dian ar mhn&aacute; agus ar a r&oacute;l, c&eacute; go nd&eacute;anann an P&aacute;pa Proinsias l&eacute;amh n&iacute;os fabhr&uacute;la air sa doicim&eacute;ad is d&eacute;ana&iacute; uaidhsin ar an teaghlach (2016, <em>Amoris Laetitia<\/em>). Sampla an-luath den dearcadh frithmhn&aacute; ab ea Tertullian a ch&eacute;adchuir t&uacute;s leis an tuiscint gurb &iacute; an bhean, &Eacute;abha, foinse an oilc mar gur scrios s&iacute; an fear, &Aacute;dhamh. N&iacute; m&oacute; n&aacute; tuisceanach ar mhn&aacute; a bh&iacute; Agaist&iacute;n ach oiread ina shaol luath, is cos&uacute;il (<em>Confessions<\/em>). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; San uain sin i bhF&eacute;ilire na hEaglaise &oacute; Charghas go Cinc&iacute;s, is suimi&uacute;il iad na tagairt&iacute; do mhn&aacute;. De r&eacute;ir Soisc&eacute;il L&uacute;c&aacute;is, ba dheacair do na hAspail, seachas Peadar, na mn&aacute; a chreidi&uacute;int ar fhilleadh d&oacute;ibh &oacute;n tuama le sc&eacute;ala na hAis&eacute;ir&iacute;. Mar &lsquo;samhla&iacute;odh d&oacute;ibh nach raibh sna r&aacute;ite &uacute;d ach seaf&oacute;id&rsquo;. Nuair n&aacute;r r&eacute;itigh maithe Ant&iacute;oc na Pisidia le P&oacute;l is Barnabas gur &lsquo;chaith siadsan deannach a gcos d&iacute;obh ina n-&eacute;adan&rsquo;, f&eacute;ach gurb iad &lsquo;mn&aacute; diaganta fi&uacute;ntacha agus uaisle na cathrach&rsquo; a bhrostaigh na Gi&uacute;daigh &eacute;admhara chun g&eacute;arlean&uacute;int a imirt ar na haspail, (<em>Gn&iacute;omhartha na nAspal<\/em> 13:14, 43-52). Ar &aacute;bhar eile ar fad, feictear an bheirt ch&eacute;anna, P&oacute;l agus Barnabas, luaite le &lsquo;consp&oacute;id n&aacute;r shuarach&rsquo; maidir le &lsquo;timpeallghearradh de r&eacute;ir ghn&aacute;s Mhaois&rsquo; agus c&uacute;rsa&iacute; sl&aacute;naithe. Lean cruinnithe, pl&eacute; fada agus foireann idirbhearta&iacute;ochta d&rsquo;fhonn an teagasc a shoil&eacute;iri&uacute;, (<em>Gn&iacute;omhartha na nAspal<\/em> 15:1-2; 22-29). Ar nd&oacute;igh, bh&iacute;othas ag iarraidh an c&uacute;lra cult&uacute;rtha r&oacute;-ghi&uacute;dach a mhaol&uacute; d&rsquo;iompaithigh chun na Cr&iacute;osta&iacute;ochta ag an am &aacute;irithe sin. Ach is sp&eacute;isi&uacute;il mar sin f&eacute;in gur th&aacute;nathas ar r&eacute;iteach s&aacute;s&uacute;il ar cheist a bh&iacute; &iacute;ogair go leor, rud n&aacute;r mhiste i gc&aacute;s c&uacute;rsa&iacute; ban agus an Eaglais.&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Maidir leis sin de, b&iacute;onn dh&aacute; th&eacute;arma &aacute; s&iacute;or&uacute;s&aacute;id agus n&iacute; chun tairbhe na harg&oacute;na i gc&oacute;na&iacute; &eacute;. Is iad sin &lsquo;ceart&rsquo; agus &lsquo;feimineachas&rsquo;. Laistigh den Chr&iacute;osta&iacute;ocht a cumadh agus a cleachtadh iad mar th&eacute;arma&iacute;. Is cos&uacute;il gurbh ag Comhdh&aacute;il Lambeth den Eaglais Anglac&aacute;nach sa bhliain 1888 is t&uacute;isce a luadh <em>cearta ban<\/em> i gcomhth&eacute;acs polagamais san Afraic. D&uacute;irt Easpag d&uacute;chasach Yoruba leis an lucht &eacute;isteachta &oacute;s rud n&aacute;rbh iad na mn&aacute; a roghnaigh socr&uacute; an pholagamais, gur cur isteach ar a gcearta &eacute;. Ach cheana f&eacute;in thiar sna 1690aid&iacute; bh&iacute; leagan amach don bhfeimineachas Cr&iacute;osta&iacute; i gcl&oacute; ag an Anglac&aacute;nach mn&aacute;, Mary Astell, a raibh scr&iacute;bhinn&iacute; John Locke ar son saoirse fear &aacute; suathadh. Is bean eile, Hubertine Auclerc, a chum an t&eacute;arma &lsquo;feimineachas&rsquo; thart ar 1882. Ba iarChaitliceach R&oacute;mh&aacute;nach agus gn&iacute;omhai polaiti&uacute;il ar son ban &iacute;. Sna c&eacute;id idir an bheirt bhan sin bh&iacute; mn&aacute; ag teacht chun tosaigh sna heaglais&iacute; Cr&iacute;osta&iacute; go l&eacute;ir, go h&aacute;irithe sna gr&uacute;pa&iacute; cothroma&iacute;och neamhordlathach ar n&oacute;s Chumann na gCarad agus na gComhthion&oacute;laithe, agus ligeadh leo &#8211; in am an gh&aacute;tair ar uairibh. Sa Chomaoin Anglac&aacute;nach bh&iacute;odh mn&aacute; an-ghn&iacute;omhach i ngn&eacute;ithe den mhinistreacht sh&oacute;isialta, c&eacute; nach le faomhadh na bhfear ar uairibh &eacute;. San Eaglais Chaitliceach, bh&iacute; l&iacute;on na n-ord ban rialta ag m&eacute;ad&uacute; go m&oacute;r agus r&oacute;l thar a bheith gn&iacute;omhach &aacute; chleachtadh acu sa saol tuata i mbun scoileanna, ospid&eacute;al agus d&iacute;leachtlanna agus ar na misin thar lear. &Aacute;ir&iacute;tear an ghn&iacute;omha&iacute;ocht sin go l&eacute;ir mar an ch&eacute;ad tonn feimineachais. Is &eacute; sin mn&aacute; ag aimsi&uacute; agus ag cleachtadh r&oacute;lanna gn&iacute;omhacha laistigh d&aacute; n-eaglais&iacute;, r&oacute;lanna gurb iad f&eacute;in go pr&iacute;omha a bh&iacute; i bhfeighil orthu go praitici&uacute;il, mura raibh go teoirici&uacute;il go minic d&rsquo;fhonn an strucht&uacute;r cliarlathach ordlathach &#8211; a rabhadar ina gcuid dh&iacute;lis de &#8211; a sh&aacute;samh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I ndiaidh dh&aacute; chogadh dhomhanda agus gluaiseacht cl&eacute;ire is pobail a bh&iacute; frithEaglaiseach ar shlite i bhfianaise bhochtanas ar domhan, tharla dh&aacute; n&iacute; shuaithinseacha sa saol tuata agus sa saol eaglasta araon. Orthusan bh&iacute; d&iacute;osp&oacute;ireacht ar cheisteanna mar an comhionannas n&oacute; cothroma&iacute;ocht deiseanna ar thaobh amh&aacute;in agus diagacht na saoirse ar an taobh eile. Ag &eacute;ir&iacute; astu bh&iacute; an dara tonn den bhfeimineachas ina th&uacute;s l&aacute;idir faoi l&aacute;r an fhichi&uacute; haois. Ar an modh c&eacute;anna leis na t&eacute;arma&iacute; &lsquo;ceart&rsquo; agus &lsquo;feimineachas&rsquo;, thosaigh pl&eacute; consp&oacute;ideach feasta i measc lucht leanta na n-eaglais&iacute; Cr&iacute;osta&iacute; ar dh&aacute; thopaic. B&rsquo;iadsin &lsquo;oirni&uacute; ban&rsquo; agus &lsquo;diagacht ban&rsquo;<strong>, <\/strong>topaic&iacute; at&aacute; an-bheo i gc&oacute;na&iacute;. Le himeacht na mblianta tharla athruithe &aacute;irithe d&aacute; r&eacute;ir a thug aitheantas n&iacute;os foll&aacute;ine do mhn&aacute; sna heaglais&iacute; sin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T&aacute; go leor brains&iacute; ann den bhfeimineachas agus n&iacute; taise don bhfeimineachas Cr&iacute;osta&iacute; &eacute;. &Oacute;n am gur ligeadh do mhn&aacute; c&uacute;rsa&iacute; diagachta a lean&uacute;int &ndash; rud a tharla d&eacute;anach go leor in &Eacute;irinn &ndash; thosaigh na c&eacute;imithe sin ar s&uacute;il &uacute;r agus dearcadh nua &oacute;n bpeirspict&iacute;ocht bhaineann a chaitheamh ar dhiagacht na hEaglaise. N&iacute;or f&aacute;ilt&iacute;odh rompu ach bh&iacute; toradh ar a gcuid oibre. &Aacute;ir&iacute;odh iad ina radacaigh, fi&uacute; mura rabhadar ach ag t&oacute;g&aacute;il ceisteanna. I Meirice&aacute; go h&aacute;irithe in institi&uacute;id&iacute; Caitliceacha, chaill mn&aacute; radacacha a bpoist n&oacute; n&iacute; bhfuaireadar ard&uacute; c&eacute;ime n&oacute; coscadh orthu c&uacute;rsa&iacute; a thabhairt ar an bhfeimineachas Cr&iacute;osta&iacute;. N&iacute;or chuir sin stop leo, &aacute;fach. In &Eacute;irinn chomh maith, t&aacute; diagair&iacute; ban faoi l&aacute;thair a bhfuil c&aacute;il orthu (<em>Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing<\/em>, 2002, Iml. IV, 655-749). Ar nd&oacute;igh, mar a mheabhra&iacute;onn Mary T. Malone (<em>Four Women Doctors of the Church,<\/em> 2015), t&aacute; ceathrar ban-naomh &aacute;irithe anois i measc <em>Magisterium<\/em> na hEaglaise: Caitr&iacute;ona Siena (1347-1389) agus Teresa Avila (1515-1582) &oacute;n mbliain 1970 faoin bP&aacute;pa P&oacute;l VI; Therese Lisieux (1873-1897) faoi l&aacute;mh an Ph&aacute;pa Eoin P&oacute;l II sa bhliain 1997; Hildegard Bhingen (1098 &ndash; 1179) de thoradh chinneadh an Ph&aacute;pa Beinidict XVI m&iacute; Me&aacute;n F&oacute;mhair 2012. Is d&iacute;ol sp&eacute;ise &eacute; gur tharla an ch&eacute;im seo &oacute; 1970 i leith, nuair a bh&iacute; borradh sa ghluaiseacht nua maidir le mn&aacute; san Eaglais. Mn&aacute; naofa ab iad, mn&aacute; a bhris na rialacha ar bhealach, mar chuir an tri&uacute;r luath, &oacute;n dara go dt&iacute; an s&eacute;&uacute; c&eacute;ad <strong>d&eacute;ag (?) <\/strong>, teagasc ar a gcomhreiligi&uacute;naigh ban. Luaigh an P&aacute;pa Proinsias an riachtanas at&aacute; le diagacht chu&iacute; ban (<em>Amoris Laetitia, <\/em>2016). T&aacute; t&uacute;s maith ar f&aacute;il ach t&oacute;gaint air. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ag &eacute;ir&iacute; as an Dara Comhairle Vatac&aacute;nach, d&rsquo;eisigh an P&aacute;pa P&oacute;l VI an <em>Missale Romanum<\/em> ag deireadh na seascaid&iacute;. I measc m&oacute;r&aacute;n athruithe eile, bh&iacute; cead ag tuata&iacute; feasta, fir is mn&aacute;, ceacht an Aifrinn a l&eacute;amh, na bronntanais a thabhairt chun an cheili&uacute;ra&iacute; d&rsquo;fhonn a sacr&aacute;ile agus p&aacute;irt &aacute;irithe a ghlacadh san homaile. Ina theannta sin, &oacute;s rud &eacute; nach ndearnadh aon tagairt do chl&uacute;dach cinn ar mhn&aacute;, b&rsquo;ionann sin agus aisghairm treoir thraidisi&uacute;nta Ph&oacute;il Aspail. Faoi th&uacute;s na n&oacute;chaid&iacute; ligeadh do chail&iacute;n&iacute; bheith ina bhfreastalaithe ar an gceili&uacute;ra&iacute; ar Aifreann. Ag t&uacute;s na n&oacute;chaid&iacute; chomh maith, d&rsquo;fh&eacute;ach Eaglais na h&Eacute;ireann chun leas a bhaint as friotal n&iacute;os cuimsith&iacute; agus n&iacute;os uileghabh&aacute;la&iacute; ina liot&uacute;irge (<em>Search<\/em>, Samhradh 2004). Scr&iacute;obh an P&aacute;pa Eoin P&oacute;l II an litir thr&eacute;adach <em>Mulieris Dignitatem<\/em> sa bhliain 1988. M&iacute; an Mheithim<strong>h<\/strong> (?) 1995 scr&iacute;obh s&eacute; litir oscailte do mhn&aacute; roimh an gCeathr&uacute; Comhdh&aacute;il Dhomhanda ar Mhn&aacute; a bh&iacute; beartaithe do Mhe&aacute;n F&oacute;mhair na bliana sin. Ghabh s&eacute; bu&iacute;ochas le mn&aacute; agus ghabh s&eacute; leithsc&eacute;al leo as a bheith imeallaithe san Eaglais. Mar sin f&eacute;in, chuir s&eacute; an t-imeall&uacute; sin i gcomhth&eacute;acs luachanna agus oiri&uacute;n&uacute; cult&uacute;rtha i gcoitinne. Bh&iacute; <strong>s&eacute; (?) <\/strong>an-chinnte chomh maith nach do mhn&aacute; r&oacute;l an tsagairt in eacnama&iacute;ocht shacraiminteach na hEocairiste agus n&aacute;r ch&oacute;ir r&oacute;l an tsagairt mar fhear a fheiscint i dt&eacute;arma&iacute; feidhmeanna na socha&iacute; daonna. Lean an Vatac&aacute;in &oacute; shin m&oacute;r&aacute;n na teachtaireachta c&eacute;anna ag tagairt d&rsquo;ardbhuanna agus do ghinias sonrach ban. Ag an am c&eacute;anna, n&iacute; sa chleachtadh deabh&oacute;ideach a bh&iacute; suim ag gn&aacute;thphar&oacute;iste&aacute;naigh fear in go leor &aacute;iteanna ar domhan, n&iacute; hionann agus na mn&aacute;. Tuairisc&iacute;tear gur mn&aacute; is cn&aacute;mh droma na hEaglaise i measc na Maasai san Afraic (cine a shamhla&iacute;odh Dia na Cr&iacute;osta&iacute;ochta mar bhean). Is eagra&iacute;ochta&iacute; tuata ban a chabhra&iacute;onn le riaradh gn&oacute;tha&iacute; par&oacute;iste in &aacute;iteanna i Meicsiceo, mar shampla.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Ba ghn&eacute; n&iacute;os achranna&iacute; ar fad an t-&eacute;ileamh ar oirni&uacute; ban mar sh&aacute;r&uacute; ar na bacanna cothroma&iacute;ochta a chonacthas i strucht&uacute;ir phatrarcha na n-eaglais&iacute; &eacute;ags&uacute;la. Dar le diagair&iacute; &aacute;irithe ban, n&iacute;orbh ann d&aacute; leith&eacute;id de chosc sa diagacht f&eacute;in. Faoi choinn&iacute;ollacha forghabh&aacute;la na S&iacute;ne ag na Seap&aacute;naigh, bh&iacute; ar Easpag Anglac&aacute;nach Hong Kong bean a oirni&uacute; sa bhliain 1944. Tharraing s&iacute; siar &oacute; chleachtadh, &aacute;fach, chuir an Chomaoin Anglac&aacute;nach chomh m&oacute;r ina coinne. Sa bhliain 1956 rinne na Meitidistigh bean a oirni&uacute;. Faoi 1980 insealbha&iacute;odh Anglac&aacute;nach mn&aacute; ina heaspag. Lean an gn&aacute;s go mall tr&iacute;d an gComaoin Anglac&aacute;nach, gur tharla in Eaglais na h&Eacute;ireann &oacute; 1990 i leith. Chomh luath le 1976, th&aacute;inig an doicim&eacute;ad <em>Inter Insigniores<\/em> &oacute;n Vatac&aacute;in ag tabhairt m&iacute;nithe ar an gcosc san Eaglais Chaitliceach. Cuireadh faoi choinnealbh&aacute; mn&aacute; a d&rsquo;&aacute;irigh iad f&eacute;in ina sagairt Chaitliceacha in &aacute;iteanna i Meirice&aacute; agus san Eoraip. Buna&iacute;odh craobh &Eacute;ireannach den eagra&iacute;ocht <em>BASIC<\/em> (Brothers and Sisters in Christ) i 1993 agus rinne <em>SOPHIA <\/em>(n&oacute; EAGNA, an ghn&eacute; bhaineann de Dhia) pl&eacute; an-fhi&uacute;ntach a &eacute;asc&uacute;. T&aacute; cuntas an-l&eacute;ir ar chuid de na c&uacute;rsa&iacute; seo ag Claire Colette Murphy SHCJ (<em>An Introduction to Christian Feminism<\/em>, 1994). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In ainneoin sin uile, leanann an d&iacute;osp&oacute;ireacht. Ba cheist na mban a bh&iacute; chun tosaigh ag an gc&eacute;ad Shionad in &Eacute;irinn le caoga bliain a tharla i nDeoise Luimnigh m&iacute; Aibre&aacute;in 2016. Labhair bean rialta agus sagart chomh maith le toscair&iacute; tuata fear is ban ar r&oacute;l leasaithe agus breisithe do mhn&aacute;, mar fhreagra ar ghairm an Ph&aacute;pa ar athnuachan san Eaglais. Fanann fadhb le r&eacute;iteach f&oacute;s, &aacute;fach. An f&eacute;idir ar thaobh amh&aacute;in an tuiscint eaglasta ar fhreagairt do &lsquo;chomhartha&iacute; na haimsire&rsquo; a thabhairt chun r&eacute;itigh sh&aacute;s&uacute;il leis na harg&oacute;int&iacute; r&oacute;-chasta theib&iacute; ar aon athruithe can&oacute;nda? N&iacute; g&aacute; gurb ionann athr&uacute; agus eiriceacht. N&oacute; an bhfuiltear ag ma&iacute;omh go dtuigeann gn&aacute;th-dhiagair&iacute; fear agus ban, gn&aacute;thdhaoine, f&iacute;s an tShl&aacute;naitheora agus aigne D&eacute;?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><strong><em><span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Helen &Oacute; Murch&uacute;<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">7 Bealtaine 2016&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: none;\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><br clear=\"all\" \/> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-variant: small-caps;\">An Tiomna Nuadh i <\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-variant: small-caps;\">d<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; font-variant: small-caps;\">teanga labhartha na ndaoine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Fearghus &Oacute; Fearghail<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Scr&iacute;obhadh an Tiomna Nua (TN) i <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">d<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">teanga labhartha na ndaoine (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Gr&eacute;igis <em>koin&eacute;<\/em>) sa dara leath den ch&eacute;ad aois, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">ach de r&eacute;ir mar a scaip an Chr&iacute;osta&iacute;ocht go h&aacute;iteanna nach raibh an Ghr&eacute;igis mar theanga na ndaoine iontu, th&aacute;inig &eacute;ileamh ar aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in den TN n&oacute; de na soisc&eacute;il n&oacute; de litreacha &aacute;irithe den TN. Roimh dheireadh an dara c&eacute;ad bh&iacute; leagan as a ch&eacute;ile bunaithe ar na Soisc&eacute;il ag muintir na Siria i Siric &ndash; <em>Diatessaron<\/em> Tatianus (c. 172 CE) &#8211; agus bh&iacute; cuid den TN i Laidin san Afraic R&oacute;mh&aacute;nach agus b&rsquo;fh&eacute;idir in Aint&iacute;oc<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">h<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> chomh maith. Go luath sa ch&uacute;igi&uacute; haois n&oacute; n&iacute;os t&uacute;isce bh&iacute; an TN aistrithe n&iacute; hamh&aacute;in go Laidin agus go Siric, ach go Seoirsis, Coptais, Airm&eacute;inis, Aet&oacute;ipis, agus Gotais. Lena chois sin, &oacute;n mbliain 382 bh&iacute; Iar&oacute;m ag obair ar leagan athch&oacute;irithe den aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n Laidine thar cheann an Ph&aacute;pa Damasus agus &eacute; &aacute; cheart&uacute; &oacute;n mbunt&eacute;acs Gr&eacute;igise. Bh&iacute; g&eacute;argh&aacute; leis seo mar s&iacute;os tr&iacute;d na blianta d&rsquo;&eacute;irigh an-chuid difr&iacute;ochta&iacute; idir l&aacute;mhscr&iacute;bhinn&iacute; &eacute;ags&uacute;la Laidine den TN. Dar le hIar&oacute;m f&eacute;in bh&iacute; air a bheith ina sh&oacute;rt &lsquo;breithimh&rsquo; ar leaganacha den TN a bh&iacute; ann le fada an l&aacute;. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Is maith a bh&iacute; a fhios aige <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">c&eacute; chomh consp&oacute;ideach a d&rsquo;fh&eacute;adfadh s&eacute; a bheith t&eacute;acs a cheart&uacute; a raibh aithne mhaith ag na daoine air agus go raibh an-chion acu air. N&iacute; fios c&eacute; mh&eacute;ad a rinne s&eacute; ach is d&oacute;cha n&aacute;r athch&oacute;irigh s&eacute; ach na Soisc&eacute;il. N&iacute;or th&aacute;inig deireadh leis na difr&iacute;ochta&iacute; t&eacute;acs&uacute;la tar &eacute;is obair Iar&oacute;m, &aacute;fach, mar baineadh &uacute;s&aacute;id as na seanleaganacha chomh maith le leagan Iar&oacute;m ar feadh i bhfad. Chun na f&iacute;rinne a r&aacute; chothaigh leagan nua Iar&oacute;m tuilleadh mearbhaill. Th&aacute;inig na fadhbanna seo go m&oacute;r chun cinn le linn an Renaissance agus an Reifirm&eacute;isin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">An Tiomna Nua san Eoraip (800-1450)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Sin mar a d&rsquo;fhan an sc&eacute;al go dt&iacute; an nao&uacute; haois nuair a d&rsquo;aistr&iacute;odh an TN go Slavais. Ba mar thoradh ar shaothar Choireall agus Methodius a raibh Gr&eacute;igis, Laidin agus Slavais na Macad&oacute;ine acu a deineadh an t-aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n, agus chum Coireall aib&iacute;tir chun &eacute; a scr&iacute;obh. T&aacute; t&aacute;bhacht mh&oacute;r don litr&iacute;ocht Shlavach ag baint leis an obair a dhein na misin&eacute;ir&iacute;. Ina dhiaidh sin n&iacute;or cuireadh leaganacha den TN ina ioml&aacute;ine ar f&aacute;il sna teangacha d&uacute;chais go dt&iacute; an tr&iacute;&uacute; haois d&eacute;ag, agus is sa Fhrainc a tharla s&eacute; ar dt&uacute;s, i bP&aacute;ras, timpeall l&aacute;r na haoise, is d&oacute;cha, mar chuid de <em>Bible fran&ccedil;aise du XIII<sup>e<\/sup> si&egrave;cle.<\/em> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Bh&iacute; cur amach ar an aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n sin i dtuaisceart na hIod&aacute;ile go luath, agus sa Chaist&iacute;l roimh dheireadh an ch&eacute;id agus i Sasana.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">I ndeisceart na Gearm&aacute;ine ag an am c&eacute;anna bh&iacute; an-&eacute;ileamh ag na <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Valdaigh<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> go mbeadh an B&iacute;obla n&oacute; cuid de ina dteanga f&eacute;in. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">T&aacute; tuairisc ann &oacute; l&aacute;r an tr&iacute;&uacute; haois d&eacute;ag ag c&uacute;isti&uacute;na&iacute; gan ainm &oacute; Passau sa Bhav&aacute;ir go raibh sc&eacute;ala cloiste aige faoi roinnt mhaith daoine a raibh an Tiomna Nua ar fad ar eolas acu ina dteanga f&eacute;in, an Ghearm&aacute;inis. Thart ar 1360 bh&iacute; an B&iacute;obla aistrithe go Seicis (B&iacute;obla Leskovec). I l&aacute;r na haoise c&eacute;anna bh&iacute; an TN aistrithe go Gearm&aacute;inis in Augsburg; agus i ndeireadh an ch&eacute;id in N<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">&uuml;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">rnberg agus in Tepl sa Bhoih&eacute;im.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> Sa bhliain 1384 aistr&iacute;odh an TN go hOllainnis agus go h&Iacute;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">seal-Ghearm&aacute;inis.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> I Sasana ceithre bliana roimhe sin bh&iacute; aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n liteartha den TN &oacute;n Vulg&aacute;id &aacute; chr&iacute;ochn&uacute; ag Wycliff. Faoin mbliain 1384 bh&iacute; an ch&eacute;ad Bh&iacute;obla B&eacute;arla ar f&aacute;il. N&iacute; r&oacute;th&oacute;gtha a bh&iacute; na h&uacute;dar&aacute;is le B&iacute;obla Wycliff, mar a tugadh air feasta. Bh&iacute; amhras ag gabh&aacute;il leis toisc go raibh baint ag Wycliff agus ag na Lollardaigh leis, agus toisc go raibh s&eacute; le f&aacute;il i dteanga na ndaoine tharl&oacute;dh go mbainfeadh daoine gan oideachas m&iacute;bhr&iacute; as an t&eacute;acs. Ag Sionad Oxford sa bhliain 1408 chuathas n&iacute;os d&eacute;ine in aghaidh an Bh&iacute;obla i dteanga na ndaoine. Ach ina ainneoin sin agus uile leanadh de bheith ag d&eacute;anamh c&oacute;ipeanna de Bh&iacute;obla Wycliff agus de beith &aacute; scaipeadh. T&aacute; breis agus 150 c&oacute;ip d&rsquo;eagr&aacute;in &eacute;ags&uacute;la den Bh&iacute;obla sin ar f&aacute;il i gc&oacute;na&iacute;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Maidir le h&Eacute;irinn de, n&iacute;l aon fhianaise ann gur tugadh faoi aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n a dh&eacute;anamh ar an TN n&oacute; ar an mB&iacute;obla ar fad. T&aacute; gluaiseanna Sean-Ghaeilge ar na soisc&eacute;il le f&aacute;il &oacute;n seacht&uacute; haois i gCoid&eacute;acs Usserianus I at&aacute; i gCol&aacute;iste na Tr&iacute;on&oacute;ide, Baile &Aacute;tha Cliath,<span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;\"> <\/span>agus &aacute;bhar &aacute;irithe ar bheatha Chr&iacute;ost i l&aacute;mhscr&iacute;bhinn &oacute;n gc&uacute;igi&uacute; haois d&eacute;ag, an Leabhar Breac, agus i Leabhar Buidhe Leac&aacute;in &oacute;n gceathr&uacute; aois d&eacute;ag leis. N&iacute;l aon fhianaise ar fhonn a bheith ann an TN a aistri&uacute; go Gaeilge, ach bh&iacute; fonn ar dhaoine sna me&aacute;naoiseanna in &aacute;iteanna &eacute;ags&uacute;la ar fud na hEorpa an B&iacute;obla a l&eacute;amh ina dteanga dh&uacute;chais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">R&eacute;abhl&oacute;id na Cl&oacute;d&oacute;ireachta<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">I l&aacute;r an ch&uacute;igi&uacute; haois d&eacute;ag chabhraigh an t-inneall cl&oacute;d&oacute;ireachta go m&oacute;r le cur ar f&aacute;il agus le scaipeadh an Bh&iacute;obla agus leis an bhflosc chun an B&iacute;obla a bheith ag na daoine ina dteanga dh&uacute;chais. I dtosach cuireadh cl&oacute; ar aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in a bh&iacute; ar f&aacute;il cheana f&eacute;in. Timpeall agus deich mbliana i ndiaidh cl&oacute; a chur ar an gc&eacute;ad Bh&iacute;obla i Laidin (1456) th&aacute;inig an ch&eacute;ad leagan cl&oacute;bhuailte amach den TN in Strasbourg (1466) i dteanga na ndaoine &#8211; i nGearm&aacute;inis. Aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n focal ar fhocal ar an Vulg&aacute;id a bh&iacute; ann, aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n a deineadh in N&uuml;rnberg san aois roimhe sin. Idir 1466 agus 1522 tugadh ocht n-eagr&aacute;n d&eacute;ag den Bh&iacute;obla amach i nGearm&aacute;inis. Bh&iacute; an chuid is m&oacute; d&iacute;obh i gcan&uacute;int na hArd-Ghearm&aacute;inise, ach bh&iacute; roinnt d&iacute;obh san &Iacute;seal-Ghearm&aacute;inis. T&aacute; c&oacute;ip den nao&uacute; heagr&aacute;n ar a dtugtar B&iacute;obla Koberger i leabharlann Chester Beatty i mBaile &Aacute;tha Cliath. Chuir Anton Koberger, athair baist&iacute; Albrecht D&uuml;rer, an <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">t-<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">eagr&aacute;n seo i gcl&oacute; in N&uuml;rnberg in 1483.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Go gairid i ndiaidh 1460 leath r&eacute;abhl&oacute;id na cl&oacute;d&oacute;ireachta &oacute; dheas go dt&iacute; an Iod&aacute;il, go Subiaco ar dt&uacute;s, ansin go dt&iacute; an R&oacute;imh agus ar deireadh go dt&iacute; an Vein&eacute;is, &aacute;it ar cuireadh i gcl&oacute; an ch&eacute;ad Bh&iacute;obla san Iod&aacute;ilis sa bhliain 1471 &#8211; B&iacute;obla Malerbi (n&oacute; Malermi). Anseo chomh maith baineadh &uacute;s&aacute;id as aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n a deineadh i bhfad n&iacute;os luaithe &#8211; sa cheathr&uacute; haois d&eacute;ag. Tharla an rud c&eacute;anna i gc&aacute;s an Tiomna Nua sa tSeicis a cuireadh i gcl&oacute; thart ar 1475 in N&uuml;rnberg. Sa ch&aacute;s sin baineadh &uacute;s&aacute;id as leagan i bhfad n&iacute;os &aacute;rsa, leagan a cearta&iacute;odh faoi sh&uacute;il gh&eacute;ar Hus thart ar an mbliain 1412.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Bhain r&eacute;abhl&oacute;id na cl&oacute;d&oacute;ireachta an Fhrainc amach &aacute;bhair&iacute;n n&iacute;os d&eacute;ana&iacute; toisc go raibh an saol suaite sa t&iacute;r sin sna blianta 1460-70. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Is in Lyon, agus n&iacute; i bP&aacute;ras, thart ar 1476-78, a cuireadh cl&oacute; ar an gc&eacute;ad TN Fraincise. Baineadh &uacute;s&aacute;id as an leagan a bh&iacute; ar f&aacute;il sa <em>Bible Fran&ccedil;aise du XIII<sup>e <\/sup>si&eacute;cle<\/em>, leagan Fraincise a bh&iacute; ar f&aacute;il i l&aacute;mhschribhinn&iacute; &oacute;n tri&uacute; aois d&eacute;ag, agus &eacute; athch&oacute;irithe.<span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;\"> <\/span> Thart ar 1478 cuireadh i gcl&oacute; aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n den Bh&iacute;obla sa Chatal&oacute;inis a buna&iacute;odh ar leagan a deineadh n&iacute;os t&uacute;isce &oacute;n Vulg&aacute;id. Ba iad Bonifacio Ferrer agus scol&aacute;ir&iacute; &oacute; Mhainistir na gCart&uacute;iseach in Portaceli sa Sp&aacute;inn a dhein an leagan sin &oacute;n Vulg&aacute;id. C&eacute; gur foils&iacute;odh an Sean-Tiomna san Ollainnis in Delft sa bhliain 1477, n&iacute;or foils&iacute;odh an TN sa teanga sin roimh 1522. Sa bhliain sin in Antuairp d&rsquo;fhoilsigh Hans van Ruremonde an ch&eacute;ad eagr&aacute;n den TN san Ollainnis, leagan nua bunaithe ar an Vulg&aacute;id agus t&eacute;acs Gr&eacute;igise &aacute; chead&uacute;, deirtear. Cuireadh a l&aacute;n leaganacha &eacute;ags&uacute;la den TN agus den Bh&iacute;obla go hioml&aacute;n i gcl&oacute; san Ollainnis in Antuairp ina dhiaidh sin sa tsl&iacute; gur &aacute;ir&iacute;odh an chathair sin ar cheann de mh&oacute;rionaid chl&oacute;d&oacute;ireachta an Bh&iacute;obla.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 26.95pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Is l&eacute;ir &oacute;n gcuntas seo go raibh &eacute;ileamh ar an mB&iacute;obla i dteanga na ndaoine ag m&eacute;ad&uacute; ar fud na hEorpa, sa Ghearm&aacute;in ach go h&aacute;irithe, le teacht na cl&oacute;d&oacute;ireachta. Sa chuid is m&oacute; de na c&aacute;sanna baineadh &uacute;s&aacute;id as aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in a bh&iacute; le f&aacute;il cheana f&eacute;in, agus deineadh eagarth&oacute;ireacht orthusan chun iad a dh&eacute;anamh n&iacute;os sol&eacute;ite do na daoine. De ghn&aacute;th ba iad na huaisle a raibh oideachas orthu a l&eacute;adh na haistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in ach t&aacute; fianaise ann go mb&iacute;odh an B&iacute;obla le cloiste&aacute;il ina dteanga f&eacute;in ag an ngn&aacute;thmhuintir. Th&iacute;os anseo t&aacute; t&aacute;bla a thugann athchoimre de na leaganacha den TN n&oacute; den Bh&iacute;obla i dteanga na ndaoine a cuireadh i gcl&oacute; idir 1466 agus 1522, an bhliain a d&rsquo;fhoilsigh Li&uacute;tar a aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n ar an TN.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 388.8pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"518\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1466&nbsp; B&iacute;obla sa Ghearm&aacute;inis (18 eagr&aacute;n idir 1466 agus 1522)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 388.8pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"518\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1471&nbsp; B&iacute;obla san Iod&aacute;ilis (Malerbi)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 388.8pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"518\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1475&nbsp; TN sa tSeicis [1487; B&iacute;obla, 1488, 1489]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 388.8pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"518\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1478&nbsp; TN sa Fhraincis (1498 eag. Jean de Rely)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 388.8pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"518\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1478&nbsp; TN sa Chatal&oacute;inis<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 388.8pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"518\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1480&nbsp; B&iacute;obla san &Iacute;seal-Ghearm&aacute;inis <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 388.8pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"518\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1522&nbsp; TN san Ollainnis (ST, 1477)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Ag f&eacute;achaint ar an liosta thuas, tugtar faoi deara nach bhfuil an B&eacute;arla ann. Is ait an rud &eacute; nach mbeadh an TN n&oacute; an B&iacute;obla i gcl&oacute; i mB&eacute;arla faoin mbliain 1522, nuair a chuimhn&iacute;tear go raibh leaganacha cl&oacute;ite den TN ar f&aacute;il sa Ghearm&aacute;inis, san Iod&aacute;ilis, sa Fhraincis, san Ollainnis, sa Chatal&oacute;inis agus sa tSeicis, agus gur thosaigh William Caxton ar fheidhm a bhaint as an gcl&oacute;d&oacute;ireacht i Sasana den ch&eacute;ad uair beagnach leathch&eacute;ad bliain roimhe sin (1476). Ach is d&oacute;cha go raibh tionchar ag Sionad Oxford &oacute;n mbliain 1408 amach ar an staid seo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">An T&eacute;acs Gr&eacute;igise agus leaganacha Laidine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Maidir leis an t&eacute;acs bunaidh Gr&eacute;igise agus ar na leaganacha Laidine a bh&iacute; ar f&aacute;il d&rsquo;aistritheoir&iacute; na linne seo caithfear dul siar go dt&iacute; an Renaissance a spreag sp&eacute;is as an nua sa Ghr&eacute;igis agus sa Laidin. Ba &eacute; Lorenzo Valla (c.1405-1457) an ch&eacute;ad duine is d&oacute;cha a d&rsquo;aithin an g&aacute; a bh&iacute; le l&eacute;amh critici&uacute;il a dh&eacute;anamh ar an Vulg&aacute;id a bh&iacute; mar bhunt&eacute;acs na n-aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n go dt&iacute; seo. L&eacute;irigh an dara heagr&aacute;n de na n&oacute;ta&iacute; a scr&iacute;obh s&eacute; sa bhliain 1453 lochtanna a bh&iacute; ar an Vulg&aacute;id ag an am sin i gcompar&aacute;id leis an t&eacute;acs bunaidh. N&iacute;or foils&iacute;odh na n&oacute;ta&iacute; sin go dt&iacute; Bealtaine 1505 tar &eacute;is d&rsquo;Erasmus teacht orthu i mainistir Parc sa Lov&aacute;in an bhliain roimhe sin. C&eacute; gur dhein Valla an-chuid oibre ar leagan na Vulg&aacute;ide agus ar an t&eacute;acs Gr&eacute;igise n&iacute;or dhein s&eacute; aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n ar an TN. Ach b&rsquo;in &eacute; d&iacute;reach an rud a dhein Gianozzo Manetti (1396-1459), scol&aacute;ire Eabhraise agus Gr&eacute;igise a bh&iacute; comhaimseartha le Valla. Ar iarratas &oacute;n bP&aacute;pa Niocl&aacute;s V dhein s&eacute; aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n nua Laidine ar an TN &oacute;n nGr&eacute;igis. B&rsquo;in &eacute; an ch&eacute;ad aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n Laidine den TN &oacute; aimsir Iar&oacute;m &ndash; ach n&iacute;or foils&iacute;odh riamh &eacute;. Is d&oacute;cha gur bhraith Manetti go mbeadh an iomarca fadhbanna mar thoradh ar aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n nua Laidine a chur ar f&aacute;il.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Ba &eacute; Erasmus, faoi bhr&uacute; an chl&oacute;d&oacute;ra mh&iacute;fhoighnigh Jean Froben, a d&rsquo;fhoilsigh an ch&eacute;ad t&eacute;acs cl&oacute;bhuailte Gr&eacute;igise den TN sa bhliain 1516, agus taobh leis a leagan Laidine f&eacute;in de. B&rsquo;in &eacute; an ch&eacute;ad leagan nua Laidine a foils&iacute;odh &oacute; aimsir Iar&oacute;m. D&rsquo;fhoilsigh Erasmus n&oacute;ta&iacute; agus parafr&aacute;s&aacute;il chun a chuid aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n nua a chosaint. Thug s&eacute; ceithre eagr&aacute;n eile den TN amach ina dhiaidh sin (1519, 1522, 1527, 1535). Sa bhliain 1522 th&aacute;inig B&iacute;obla Ilteangach Complutensis amach ar deireadh thiar, tar &eacute;is cead a fh&aacute;il &oacute;n R&oacute;imh, agus bh&iacute; tionchar aige ar eagr&aacute;in n&iacute;os d&eacute;ana&iacute; de TN Erasmus. Bhain Colinaeus (Simon de Colines) &uacute;s&aacute;id as eagr&aacute;in &eacute;ags&uacute;la Erasmus agus as an TN Complutensis agus as l&aacute;mhscr&iacute;bhinn&iacute; eile den TN don eagr&aacute;n &lsquo;critici&uacute;il&rsquo; a d&rsquo;fhoilsigh s&eacute; sa bhliain 1534. D&rsquo;fhoilsigh Robertus Stephanus (Robert Estienne) eagr&aacute;n nua den TN sa bhliain 1546, agus &eacute; bunaithe aige ar an gc&uacute;igi&uacute; heagr&aacute;n &oacute; Erasmus agus ar an TN Complutensis. D&rsquo;fhoilsigh s&eacute; eagr&aacute;in eile sna blianta 1549 agus 1550. An bhliain dar gcionn d&rsquo;athfhoilsigh s&eacute; eagr&aacute;n 1550 ach an uair seo ina v&eacute;arsa&iacute;. B&rsquo;in &eacute; an ch&eacute;ad uair a deineadh roinnt agus uimhri&uacute; ina v&eacute;arsa&iacute; laistigh de gach caibidil, agus t&aacute; an leagan amach sin a bheag n&oacute; a mh&oacute;r i bhfeidhm &oacute; shin i leith.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Chuir Th&eacute;odore de B&egrave;ze (Beza) leagan nua Laidine den TN ar f&aacute;il mar aon le n&oacute;ta&iacute; sa bhliain 1557. Fear &eacute; a raibh cl&uacute; air sa Fhrainc agus sa Ghin&eacute;iv i gc&uacute;rsa&iacute; an Reifirm&eacute;isin, cara le Cailv&iacute;n agus &eacute; ina chomharba air sa Ghin&eacute;iv. D&rsquo;fhoilsigh s&eacute; eagr&aacute;in Ghr&eacute;igise-Laidine den TN sna blianta 1565, 1582, 1588 agus 1598. Bh&iacute; tionchar m&oacute;r ag leagan Laidine B&egrave;ze agus a chuid n&oacute;ta&iacute; ar Bh&iacute;obla B&eacute;arla na Gin&eacute;ive agus ar leaganacha eile, an leagan Breatnaise agus an leagan Gaeilge san &aacute;ireamh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Li&uacute;tar agus a thionchar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Sa bhliain 1522 d&rsquo;fhoilsigh M&aacute;rtan Li&uacute;tar aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n Gearm&aacute;inise den TN &ndash; an <em>Septembertestament<\/em>. C&eacute;im fh&iacute;orth&aacute;bhachtach i stair aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in an TN sa teanga dh&uacute;chais a bh&iacute; ansin. S&aacute;rscr&iacute;bhneoir sa Ghearm&aacute;inis ba ea Li&uacute;tar agus d&rsquo;&eacute;irigh leis bheith ina sh&aacute;r-aistritheoir de r&eacute;ir a ch&eacute;ile. Chuir s&eacute; chuige scr&iacute;obh i dteanga na ndaoine &#8211; agus d&rsquo;&eacute;irigh thar barr leis. Bhain s&eacute; &uacute;s&aacute;id as t&eacute;acs Gr&eacute;igise agus leagan Laidine Erasmus, agus as an Vulg&aacute;id a raibh aithne mhaith aige uirthi, agus is d&oacute;cha go raibh cur amach aige ar na haistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in Ghearm&aacute;inise a bh&iacute; ar f&aacute;il san am sin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Spreag aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n Li&uacute;tair raidhse mh&oacute;r aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n i dteangacha &eacute;ags&uacute;la na hEorpa &#8211; mar at&aacute; l&eacute;irithe th&iacute;os. Protast&uacute;naigh a dhein an chuid is m&oacute; d&iacute;obh. Bh&iacute; tionchar ag leagan Li&uacute;tair ar roinnt mhaith de na haistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in sin, n&iacute; hamh&aacute;in ar aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in san Ollainnis, sa Danmhairgis agus sa tSualainnis ach ar aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n Tyndale chomh maith, agus &oacute; leagan Tyndale ar gach leagan B&eacute;arla den TN ina dhiaidh sin. L&eacute;ir&iacute;onn an t&aacute;bla th&iacute;os an m&eacute;id aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n a deineadh sa tr&eacute;imhse 1522-1611 mar aon leis an tionchar a d&rsquo;imir leagan Li&uacute;tair ar roinnt mhaith acu. I gc&aacute;sanna &aacute;irithe bh&iacute; tionchar ag an TN n&oacute; ag an mB&iacute;obla ar theanga agus litr&iacute;ocht na t&iacute;re &ndash; sa Bh&eacute;arla, sa Ghearm&aacute;inis, sa Danmhairgis, sa tSeicis, agus san &Iacute;oslainnis, mar shampla. F&eacute;ach ar an t&aacute;bla th&iacute;os:<\/span><\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" style=\"width: 600px; border-collapse: collapse;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1522 TN Li&uacute;tair, bunaithe ar an nGr&eacute;igis, ar leagan Laidine Erasmus, agus ar an Vulg&aacute;id<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1523 TN Ollainnise, bunaithe ar leagan Li&uacute;tair<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1523 TN sa Fhraincis (Lef&egrave;vre d&rsquo;&Eacute;taples), bunaithe ar an Vulg&aacute;id<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1524 TN Danmhairgise, bunaithe ar leagan Li&uacute;tair agus ar leagan Erasmus <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1526 TN Sualainnise, bunaithe ar leagan Li&uacute;tair, ar Laidin Erasmus agus ar an Vulg&aacute;id<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1526 TN B&eacute;arla Tyndale, tionchar ag <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">leagan Li&uacute;tair air<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1527 TN Gearm&aacute;inise (Caitliceach), bunaithe ar leagan Li&uacute;tair <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1530 TN Iod&aacute;ilise (Brucioli; An B&iacute;obla Iod&aacute;ilise, 1532)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1533 TN Seicise, &oacute; Laidin Erasmus<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1535 B&iacute;obla B&eacute;arla Coverdale &ndash; TN bunaithe ar leagan Tyndale agus ar leagan Li&uacute;tair<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1535 TN Fraincise Olivetan bunaithe ar leagan Lef&egrave;vre d&rsquo;&Eacute;taples, Erasmus, TN Iod&aacute;ilise (Brucioli).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1539 An B&iacute;obla M&oacute;r (Coverdale) &ndash; &ldquo;ceaptha chun &uacute;s&aacute;ide in Eaglais&iacute;&rdquo; (TN bunaithe ar leagan Tyndale)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1540 TN &Iacute;oslainnise, bunaithe ar leagan Li&uacute;tair agus ar an Vulg&aacute;id <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1541 TN Ung&aacute;irise, &oacute;n nGr&eacute;igis<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1543 TN Caist&iacute;lise, &oacute;n nGr&eacute;igis<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1548: TN Fionlainnise, &oacute;n nGr&eacute;igis, le cabhair &oacute;n Vulg&aacute;id agus &oacute; leaganacha Gearm&aacute;inise agus Sualainnise<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1548 TN Soirbise\/Veindise, bunaithe ar leagan Li&uacute;tair, ar an Vulg&aacute;id,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">agus ar an leagan Nua Seicise<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1553 TN Polainnise &oacute;n nGr&eacute;igis, &oacute;n Laidin agus &oacute; leaganacha eile<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1555 TN Sp&aacute;innise (B&iacute;obla, 1569); TN athch&oacute;irithe 1596 (de Valera)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1557 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">TN Leagan B&eacute;arla na Gin&eacute;ive, athch&oacute;iri&uacute; ar Tyndale faoi an&aacute;il B&egrave;ze; B&iacute;obla na Gin&eacute;ive (BG), 1560: 70 eagr&aacute;n 1560-1644<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1560 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">TN Romainise san Eilv&eacute;is, &oacute;n Vulg&aacute;id agus &oacute; leaganacha eile<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 9.45pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 9.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1563 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">TN Cr&oacute;itise, &oacute; leagan Laidine Erasmus, &oacute; leagan Li&uacute;tair, le cabhair &oacute; &nbsp; leaganacha eile<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10.35pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 10.35pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1564 TN <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Seicise &oacute;n nGr&eacute;igis [1579-93, <em>Bible Kralick&aacute;<\/em>, tionchar ar an teanga]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1568 B&iacute;obla B&eacute;arla na nEaspag (BE); TN faoi an&aacute;il Tyndale <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1570 TN Bealar&uacute;isise<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1571 TN Bascaise, bunaithe ar leagan Fraincise Olivetan<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 4.15pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1577 TN Sl&oacute;iv&eacute;inise, &oacute; leaganacha Laidine, Gearm&aacute;inise agus Iod&aacute;ilise.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1581 TN Slav&oacute;inise<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1582 TN Douai, Rheims (B&eacute;arla), &oacute;n Vulg&aacute;id, le cabhair &oacute;n nGr&eacute;igis<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1599 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">TN Eabhraise, N<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">&uuml;rnberg<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1611 B&iacute;obla R&iacute; S&eacute;amas BRS (B&eacute;arla)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Mar a fheicimid &oacute;n t&aacute;bla seo &oacute; aimsir Li&uacute;tair go dt&iacute; deireadh an ch&eacute;id aistr&iacute;odh an TN go thart ar fhiche teanga san Eoraip &#8211; teangacha m&oacute;ra agus teangacha mionlach de leith&eacute;id Romainise san Eilv&eacute;is, chomh leis an Bhascais, an mBreatnais, leis an tSoirbis (n&aacute;r cl&oacute;bhuaileadh &aacute;fach), agus sa bhliain 1599, leis an Eabhrais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Li&uacute;tair agus a thionchar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Sa bhliain 1522 d&rsquo;fhoilsigh M&aacute;rtan Li&uacute;tar aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n Gearm&aacute;inise den TN &ndash; an <em>Septembertestament<\/em>. C&eacute;im fh&iacute;orth&aacute;bhachtach i stair aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in an TN sa teanga dh&uacute;chais a bh&iacute; ansin. S&aacute;rscr&iacute;bhneoir sa Ghearm&aacute;inis ba ea Li&uacute;tar agus d&rsquo;&eacute;irigh leis bheith ina sh&aacute;r-aistritheoir de r&eacute;ir a ch&eacute;ile. Chuir s&eacute; chuige scr&iacute;obh i dteanga na ndaoine &#8211; agus d&rsquo;&eacute;irigh thar barr leis. Bhain s&eacute; &uacute;s&aacute;id as t&eacute;acs Gr&eacute;igise agus leagan Laidine Erasmus, agus as an Vulg&aacute;id a raibh aithne mhaith aige uirthi, agus is d&oacute;cha go raibh cur amach aige ar na haistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in Ghearm&aacute;inise a bh&iacute; ar f&aacute;il ag an t-am sin.<\/span><a href=\"#ftn1\" id=\"ftnref1\" style=\"vertical-align: super;\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Spreag aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n Li&uacute;tair raidhse mh&oacute;r aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n i dteangacha &eacute;ags&uacute;la na hEorpa &#8211; mar at&aacute; le feice&aacute;il th&iacute;os. Protast&uacute;naigh a dhein an chuid is m&oacute; d&iacute;obh. Bh&iacute; tionchar ag leagan Li&uacute;tair ar roinnt mhaith de na haistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in sin, n&iacute; hamh&aacute;in ar aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in san Ollainnis, sa Danmhairgis agus sa tSualainnis ach ar aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n Tyndale chomh maith, agus &oacute; leagan Tyndale ar gach leagan B&eacute;arla den TN ina dhiaidh sin. L&eacute;ir&iacute;onn an t&aacute;bla th&iacute;os an m&eacute;id aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n a deineadh sa tr&eacute;imhse 1522-1611 mar aon leis an tionchar a d&rsquo;imir leagan Li&uacute;tair ar roinnt mhaith acu. I gc&aacute;sanna &aacute;irithe bh&iacute; tionchar ag an TN n&oacute; ag an mB&iacute;obla ar theanga agus litr&iacute;ocht na t&iacute;re &ndash; sa Bh&eacute;arla, sa Ghearm&aacute;inis, sa Danmhairgis, sa tSeicis, agus san &Iacute;oslainnis, mar shampla. F&eacute;ach ar an t&aacute;bla th&iacute;os:<\/span><\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" style=\"width: 600px; border-collapse: collapse;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1522 TN Li&uacute;tair, bunaithe ar an nGr&eacute;igis, ar leagan Laidine Erasmus, agus ar an Vulg&aacute;id<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1523 TN Ollainnise, bunaithe ar leagan Li&uacute;tair<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1523 TN sa Fhraincis (Lef&egrave;vre d&rsquo;&Eacute;taples), bunaithe ar an Vulg&aacute;id<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1524 TN Danmhairgise, bunaithe ar leagan Li&uacute;tair agus Laidin Erasmus <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1526 TN Sualainnise, bunaithe ar leagan Li&uacute;tair, Laidin Erasmus agus an Vulg&aacute;id<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1526 TN B&eacute;arla Tyndale, tionchar ag <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">leagan Li&uacute;tair air<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1527 TN Gearm&aacute;inise (Caitliceach), bunaithe ar leagan Li&uacute;tair <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1530 TN Iod&aacute;ilise (Brucioli; An B&iacute;obla Iod&aacute;ilise, 1532)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1533 TN Seicise, &oacute; Laidin Erasmus<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1535 B&iacute;obla B&eacute;arla Coverdale &ndash; TN bunaithe ar leagan Tyndale agus leagan Li&uacute;tair<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1535 TN Fraincise &oacute; Olivetan bunaithe ar leagan Lef&egrave;vre d&rsquo;&Eacute;taples, Erasmus, TN Iod&aacute;ilise (Brucioli).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1539 An B&iacute;obla M&oacute;r (Coverdale) &ndash; &ldquo;ceaptha chun &uacute;s&aacute;ide in Eaglais&iacute;&rdquo; (TN bunaithe ar leagan Tyndale)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1540 TN &Iacute;oslainnise, bunaithe ar leagan Li&uacute;tair agus ar an Vulg&aacute;id <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1541 TN Ung&aacute;irise, &oacute;n nGr&eacute;igis<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1543 TN Caist&iacute;lise, &oacute;n nGr&eacute;igis<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1548: TN Fionlainnise, &oacute;n nGr&eacute;igis, le cabhair &oacute;n Vulg&aacute;id agus &oacute; leaganacha Gearm&aacute;inise agus Sualainnise<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1548 TN Soirbise\/Veindise, bunaithe ar leagan Li&uacute;tair, ar an Vulg&aacute;id,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> TN Seicise<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1553 TN Polainnise &oacute;n nGr&eacute;igis, Laidin agus leaganacha eile<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1555 TN Sp&aacute;innise (B&iacute;obla, 1569); TN athch&oacute;irithe 1596 (de Valera)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1557 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">TN Leagan B&eacute;arla na Gin&eacute;ive, athch&oacute;iri&uacute; ar Tyndale faoi an&aacute;il B&egrave;ze; B&iacute;obla na Gin&eacute;ive (BG), 1560: 70 eagr&aacute;n 1560-1644<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1560 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">TN Romainise san Eilv&eacute;is, &oacute;n Vulg&aacute;id agus leaganacha eile<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 9.45pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 9.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1563 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">TN Cr&oacute;itise, &oacute; leagan Laidine Erasmus, &oacute; leagan Li&uacute;tair, le cabhair &oacute; &nbsp; leaganacha eile<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 10.35pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 10.35pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1564 TN <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Seicise &oacute;n nGr&eacute;igis [1579-93, <em>Bible Kralick&aacute;<\/em>, tionchar ar an teanga]<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1568 B&iacute;obla B&eacute;arla na nEaspag (BE); TN faoi an&aacute;il Tyndale <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1570 TN Bealar&uacute;isise<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1571 TN Bascaise, bunaithe ar leagan Fraincise Olivetan<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 4.15pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.15pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1577 TN Sl&oacute;iv&eacute;inise, &oacute; leaganacha Laidine, Gearm&aacute;inise agus Iod&aacute;ilise.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1581 TN Slav&oacute;inise<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1582 TN Douai, Rheims (B&eacute;arla), &oacute;n Vulg&aacute;id, le cabhair &oacute;n nGr&eacute;igis<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1599 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">TN Eabhraise, N<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">&uuml;rnberg<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"600\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">1611 B&iacute;obla R&iacute; S&eacute;amas BRS (B&eacute;arla)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Mar a fheicimid &oacute;n t&aacute;bla seo &oacute; aimsir Li&uacute;tair go dt&iacute; deireadh an ch&eacute;id aistr&iacute;odh an TN go thart ar fhiche teanga san Eoraip &#8211; teangacha m&oacute;ra agus teangacha mionlach mar Romainis san Eilv&eacute;is, an Bhascais, an Bhreatnais, an tSoirbis (n&aacute;r cl&oacute;bhuaileadh &aacute;fach), agus sa bhliain 1599, an Eabhrais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">An TN i mB&eacute;arla in &Eacute;irinn<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">&Oacute;n t&aacute;bla thuas feictear na haistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in B&eacute;arla a bh&iacute; ar f&aacute;il i Sasana agus is d&oacute;cha in &Eacute;irinn sa se&uacute; haois d&eacute;ag. Maidir leis na haistri&uacute;ch&aacute;in den TN a d&rsquo;fh&eacute;adfadh a bheith in &uacute;s&aacute;id ag na scol&aacute;ir&iacute; a d&rsquo;aistrigh an TN go Gaeilge idir 1571 agus 1602\/3, bh&iacute; t&aacute;bhacht ar leith ag baint le TN B&eacute;arla Tyndale (1526) toisc go raibh tionchar m&oacute;r aige ar gach aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n B&eacute;arla den TN a th&aacute;inig ina dhiaidh. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Ach is m&oacute; an t&aacute;bhacht a bh&iacute; ag baint le TN B&eacute;arla na Gin&eacute;ive a foils&iacute;odh sa bhliain 1557 agus sa bhliain 1560 mar chuid de Bh&iacute;obla B&eacute;arla na Gin&eacute;ive. Sasanaigh a bh&iacute; ar deora&iacute;ocht sa Ghin&eacute;iv a dhein &eacute; agus bh&iacute; an leagan seo go m&oacute;r faoi an&aacute;il leagan B&egrave;ze. B&rsquo;in &eacute; an leagan B&eacute;arla ba mh&oacute; a bh&iacute;odh &aacute; l&eacute;amh ag lucht an Bh&eacute;arla go ceann i bhfad. Bheife&aacute; ag s&uacute;il go mbeadh aithne mhaith agus cion faoi leith ar Bh&iacute;obla na Gin&eacute;ive ag aistritheoir&iacute; a dhein a gcuid staid&eacute;ir in Cambridge, n&iacute; hamh&aacute;in toisc gurbh &eacute; an ceann ba mh&oacute; a bh&iacute; &aacute; l&eacute;amh lena linn, ach freisin toisc go raibh baint ag an nGin&eacute;iv agus ag leith&eacute;id&iacute; Chailv&iacute;n agus B&egrave;ze leis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Bh&iacute; dh&aacute; leagan eile den Bh&iacute;obla B&eacute;arla a bhf&eacute;adfadh tionchar a bheith acu ar aistritheoir&iacute; Gaeilge an TN, is &eacute; sin an B&iacute;obla a chuir Miles Coverdale in eagar sa bhliain 1539 den ch&eacute;ad uair,<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">agus B&iacute;obla na nEaspag &oacute;n mbliain 1568. Tugadh an B&iacute;obla M&oacute;r ar an gc&eacute;ad cheann d&iacute;obh sin agus bh&iacute; s&eacute; &ldquo;ceaptha chun &uacute;s&aacute;ide in eaglais&iacute;&rdquo;, mar at&aacute; scr&iacute;ofa i leathanach teidil an dara heagr&aacute;n (1540).<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">&nbsp;B&rsquo;in &eacute; an B&iacute;obla arbh &eacute; &ldquo;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">the largest volume in England&rdquo; &eacute; agus ar ch&oacute;ir &eacute; a bheith in eaglais&iacute; na r&iacute;ochta de r&eacute;ir fol&aacute;irimh &oacute; Thomas Cromwell, pr&iacute;omh-aire Anra&iacute; VIII, sa bhliain 1538, fol&aacute;ireamh a deineadh a athnuachan i dtosach r&eacute;imeas &Eacute;adbhaird agus r&eacute;imeas Eil&iacute;se.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">&nbsp;Le linn r&eacute;imeas Mh&aacute;ire, d<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">&rsquo;fhan s&eacute; mar leagan &uacute;daraithe. Is d&oacute;cha gur f&eacute;idir glacadh leis gurbh &eacute; sin an B&iacute;obla a bh&iacute; in &uacute;s&aacute;id i dTeampall Ph&aacute;draig i mBaile &Aacute;tha Cliath agus in eaglais&iacute; Protast&uacute;nacha eile in &Eacute;irinn agus i Sasana &oacute; 1539 n&oacute; mar sin anuas go dt&iacute; 1568 ar a laghad. Agus bh&iacute; sleachta as an mB&iacute;obla M&oacute;r le cloiste&aacute;il agus iad &aacute; l&eacute;amh as <em>Leabhar na hUrna&iacute; Coitinne <\/em>ag an gComaoineach gach Domhnach agus gach f&eacute;ile. Caithfidh go raibh aithne mhaith ag na haistritheoir&iacute; Gaeilge air &oacute; bheith ag &eacute;isteacht leis san eaglais. Ach &oacute;s rud &eacute; gurbh athch&oacute;iri&uacute; &eacute; TN an Bh&iacute;obla Mh&oacute;ir de TN Tyndale agus go bhfuil an-chos&uacute;lacht eatarthu, t&aacute; s&eacute; an-deacair a aithint c&eacute; acu a d&rsquo;fh&eacute;adfadh a bheith in &uacute;s&aacute;id in aon ch&aacute;s ina mb&iacute;onn na leaganacha ar aon dul lena ch&eacute;ile. Is &eacute; an B&iacute;obla M&oacute;r an ceann is d&oacute;ch&uacute;la, &aacute;fach, sna c&aacute;sanna sin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">Bheadh B&iacute;obla eile B&eacute;arla ar aithne ag na haistritheoir&iacute; Gaeilge, is &eacute; sin <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\">B&iacute;obla na nEaspag, a chuir easpaig Shasana ar f&aacute;il sa bhliain 1568. Bh&iacute; cuid &aacute;irithe de na heaspaig p&aacute;irteach san aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n. Athch&oacute;iri&uacute; ar an mB&iacute;obla M&oacute;r a bh&iacute; i gceist. Is &eacute; an intinn a bh&iacute; laistiar den athch&oacute;iri&uacute; sin dul i ngleic le laige an Bh&iacute;obla Mh&oacute;ir &oacute; thaobh amh&aacute;in de, agus an spiorad Cailv&iacute;neach a bh&iacute; i n&oacute;ta&iacute; Bh&iacute;obla na Gin&eacute;ive a sheachaint, &oacute;n taobh eile de. Measadh nach raibh B&iacute;obla na nEaspag chomh maith mar aistri&uacute;ch&aacute;n le B&iacute;obla na Gin&eacute;ive, agus c&eacute; gur foils&iacute;odh naoi n-eagr&aacute;n d&eacute;ag de idir 1568 agus 1606 agus aon eagr&aacute;n d&eacute;ag den TN n&iacute;or th&oacute;g s&eacute; &aacute;it Bh&iacute;obla na Gin&eacute;ive i measc na ndaoine.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> Mar sin f&eacute;in bheife&aacute; ag s&uacute;il go mbeadh cur amach ag na haistritheoir&iacute; Gaeilge ar Bh&iacute;obla na nEaspag<span style=\"color: red;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><br clear=\"all\" \/> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 4pt; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">Caiticiosma na hEaglaise Caitlic&iacute;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\"> agus <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">Dara Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Donncha &Oacute; hAodha<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>R&eacute;amhr&aacute;:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 8pt; line-height: 115%;\">Ar an 8&uacute; l&aacute; Nollaig 2015 cheili&uacute;r an Eaglais cothrom caoga bliain &oacute; d&uacute;nadh Dara Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine. T&aacute; s&eacute; dearbhaithe ag an bP&aacute;pa Proinsias go gcuirfear t&uacute;s le Iubhaile na Tr&oacute;caire ar an &oacute;c&aacute;id ch&eacute;anna seo. Sa bhliain 2017 ceili&uacute;rfar cothrom c&uacute;ig bliana is fiche &oacute; fhoilsi&uacute; <em>Caiticiosma na hEaglaise Caitlic&iacute; (CEC)<\/em>, caiticiosma uilechoiteann na hEaglaise, a eis&iacute;odh ar an 11&uacute; l&aacute; de Dheireadh F&oacute;mhair 1992, cothrom tr&iacute;ocha bliain &oacute; oscailt Dara Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine. D&rsquo;fhoilsigh Naomh Eoin P&oacute;l II an Caiticiosma leis an Reacht Aspalda <em>Fidei Depositum<\/em> (FD) &ldquo;ar &oacute;c&aacute;id foilsithe <em>Caiticiosma na hEaglaise Caitlic&iacute;<\/em> a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ullmha&iacute;odh i ndiaidh an Dara Comhairle &Eacute;ac&uacute;im&eacute;ineach de chuid na Vatac&aacute;ine&rdquo; <\/span>(mar a l&eacute;itear i bhfotheideal an Reachta Aspalda). Sa doicim&eacute;ad &uacute;dar&aacute;sach seo l&eacute;ir&iacute;onn an tAthair Naofa nascanna &eacute;ags&uacute;la idir an Caiticiosma agus Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine. Taispe&aacute;ineann s&eacute; i nd&aacute;ir&iacute;re gur toradh &eacute; an Caiticiosma seo, an Caiticiosma is leithne agus is doimhne agus is saibhre i stair na hEaglaise, ar Dhara Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Is &eacute; at&aacute; i gceist sna focla seo a leanas n&aacute; iarracht ar roinnt gn&eacute;ithe den gcaidreamh bun&uacute;sach idir an Chomhairle agus an Caiticiosma a chur i l&aacute;thair. Is f&eacute;idir a r&aacute; go bhfuil an Caiticiosma doscartha &oacute;n gComhairle, &oacute; thaobh stair an Chaiticiosma, chomh maith lena &aacute;bhar agus a st&iacute;l agus a chusp&oacute;ir. I mbeag&aacute;n focal, n&iacute; bheadh CEC ann gan an Dara Chomhairle de chuid na Vatac&aacute;ine. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Is f&eacute;idir b&eacute;im a leagan ar phointe amh&aacute;in l&aacute;ithreach bonn : Nuair a d&eacute;antar staid&eacute;ar ar stair an Chaiticiosma agus ar an pr&oacute;iseas inar cuireadh le ch&eacute;ile &eacute;, ar a &aacute;bhar, a st&iacute;l agus a shaintr&eacute;ithe, is l&eacute;ir go mbaineann an t&eacute;acs seo le pr&iacute;omh-aidhm na Comhairle: is &eacute; sin le r&aacute;, <strong>an tsoisc&eacute;ala&iacute;ocht<\/strong>, faoi mar a dhearbhaigh an P&aacute;pa Naomh Eoin XXIII san aitheasc c&aacute;ili&uacute;il a thug s&eacute; ag oscailt na Comhairle i 1962. &ldquo;Ba &eacute; ba intinn agus ba mhian leis an Chomhairle, misi&uacute;n aspalda tr&eacute;adach na hEaglaise a chur i bhf&aacute;th, agus an cine daonna ar fad, tr&iacute; fh&iacute;rinne lonrach an tSoisc&eacute;il, a thabhairt chun gr&aacute; Chr&iacute;ost a lorg agus a ghlacadh, an gr&aacute; at&aacute; os cionn tuisceana (cf. Eif. 3,19)&rdquo; (FD, R&eacute;amhr&aacute;).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>2.<\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Stair an CEC agus Dara Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">2.1: R&eacute;amhstair CEC:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&Oacute; aimsir na Comhairle anonn is &iacute; an tsoisc&eacute;ala&iacute;ocht at&aacute; mar phr&iacute;omh-th&eacute;ama ag magisterium na hEaglaise. Is mar sin at&aacute; f&oacute;s. Is leor smaoineamh ar Litir Aspalda fh&iacute;or-shuntasach an Ph&aacute;pa Proinsias, <em>Evangelii Gaudium<\/em> de chuid na bliana 2013. Roimhe sin is f&eacute;idir cuimhni&uacute; ar na sionaid go l&eacute;ir a bh&iacute; ann in aimsir an Ph&aacute;pa Eoin P&oacute;l II ag pl&eacute; c&uacute;rsa&iacute; soisc&eacute;ala&iacute;ochta, chomh maith leis an teagasc ar fad a thug s&eacute; ar an t&eacute;ama seo, ach go h&aacute;irithe an imlitir <em>Redemptoris Missio<\/em> sa bhliain 1990. Le blianta beaga anuas t&aacute; &oacute;c&aacute;id&iacute; agus tionscnaimh nua &aacute; gcur ar bun chun an tsoisc&eacute;ala&iacute;ocht a chur chun cinn, mar shampla Laethanta Domhanda na h&Oacute;ige agus Laethanta Domhanda na Clainne. T&aacute; strucht&uacute;ir nua ann chomh maith, ar n&oacute;s an Chomhairle Ph&aacute;p&uacute;il don Nua-Shoisc&eacute;ala&iacute;ocht a bhunaigh an P&aacute;pa Beinidicht XVI sa bhliain 2010. Baineann CEC leis an m&oacute;r-iarracht seo chun an creideamh a fh&oacute;gairt i st&iacute;l dhearfach sa l&aacute; at&aacute; inniu ann. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">T&aacute; s&eacute; t&aacute;bhachtach machnamh a dh&eacute;anamh chomh maith ar na blianta d&iacute;reach i ndiaidh na Comhairle chun stair an Chaiticiosma a thuiscint. Bh&iacute; an tr&iacute;&uacute; tion&oacute;l ginear&aacute;lta de Shionad na nEaspag i 1974 d&iacute;rithe ar th&eacute;ama na Soisc&eacute;ala&iacute;ochta, agus ba mar thoradh ar an dtion&oacute;l seo a scr&iacute;obh P&oacute;l VI Beannaithe an doicim&eacute;ad iontach <em>Evangelii Nuntiandi<\/em> (1975). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">An t&eacute;ama a bh&iacute; ag Sionad na nEaspag i 1977 n&aacute; an chaitic&eacute;is. Bh&iacute; an-t&aacute;bhacht ag baint leis an Aitheasc Aspalda, <em>Catechesi Tradendae<\/em> (1979), a d&rsquo;eascair &oacute;n tion&oacute;l seo, n&iacute; amh&aacute;in mar gur oibrigh tri&uacute;r P&aacute;pa ar an dt&eacute;acs, ach go m&oacute;r mh&oacute;r toisc an bh&eacute;im a cuireadh ann ar l&aacute;rnacht Chr&iacute;ost sa chaitic&eacute;is.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Sna blianta a lean an Chomhairle d&eacute;anadh an-chuid t&aacute;st&aacute;il agus turgnamh chun teacht ar ch&oacute;rais agus beala&iacute; nua le haghaidh na caitic&eacute;ise. Bh&iacute; buanna &aacute;irithe ag baint leis seo, mar shampla sa mh&eacute;id gur baineadh &uacute;s&aacute;id as teicn&iacute;c&iacute; oili&uacute;na nua. In &aacute;iteacha &eacute;ags&uacute;la &aacute;fach cuireadh b&eacute;im n&iacute;os m&oacute; ar an gc&oacute;ras m&uacute;inte agus ar an modheola&iacute;ocht seachas ar shubstaint an chreidimh f&eacute;in. Leagadh an-bh&eacute;im freisin ar thaith&iacute; an duine agus an chomhluadair. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Ach bh&iacute; fadhbanna ag baint leis seo, go m&oacute;r mh&oacute;r nuair a chonacthas go raibh n&iacute;os l&uacute; eolais chruinn ag Caitlicigh ar a gcreideamh, ar bhunaltanna an Chr&eacute;. Bh&iacute; an tuairim ann fi&uacute; amh&aacute;in n&aacute;rbh fh&eacute;idir an chaitic&eacute;is a dh&eacute;anamh n&iacute;os m&oacute;, agus i r&eacute;ims&iacute; &aacute;irithe d&eacute;anadh d&iacute;speagadh ar choincheapanna n&oacute; t&eacute;arma&iacute; ar n&oacute;s &ldquo;dogma&rdquo; no &ldquo;foirceadal&rdquo; <em>(doctrina<\/em>). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Is t&eacute;ama leathan agus casta &eacute; seo, agus n&iacute; f&eacute;idir &eacute; a phl&eacute; i gcear san &aacute;it seo. Mar sin f&eacute;in, t&aacute; a fhios againn go l&eacute;ir gurb &eacute; &aacute;r bhf&iacute;or-dh&uacute;shl&aacute;n &eacute; in&aacute;r dt&iacute;r f&eacute;in inniu.) <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Sa chomhth&eacute;acs seo, bh&iacute; t&aacute;bhacht ar leith ag baint leis an siomp&oacute;isiam a d&rsquo;eagair Ard-Easpaig P&aacute;ras agus Lyons sa bhliain 1983, ar conas an creideamh a mh&uacute;ineadh agus a sheachadadh ar aghaidh do na gl&uacute;ine ag teacht in&aacute;r ndiaidh. I measc iadsan a labhair ag an siomp&oacute;isiam seo, bhi an Cairdin&eacute;al Ratzinger, agus freisin Dermot Ryan, Ard-Easpag Bhaile &Aacute;tha Cliath. Labhair an tArd-Easpag Ryan faoin bhfadhb a chonaic s&eacute; sa ch&oacute;ras oideachais: bh&iacute; daoine &oacute;ga ag f&aacute;g&aacute;il an bhunscoil Chaitliceach gan paidreacha bun&uacute;scha an Chreidimh ar eolas acu. C&eacute; go raibh siad in ann t&eacute;arma&iacute;ocht chasta na teicneola&iacute;ochta a fhoglaim gan str&oacute;, n&iacute;or cuireadh os a gcomhair t&eacute;arma&iacute;ocht bhun&uacute;sach an Chreidimh, t&eacute;arma&iacute;ocht n&iacute;os &eacute;asca n&aacute; t&eacute;arma&iacute;ocht na teicneola&iacute;ochta. Luaigh an Cairdin&eacute;al Ratzinger nach raibh s&eacute; de mhisneach a thuilleadh ag daoine &aacute;irithe an Creideamh a chur i l&aacute;thair go hioml&aacute;n agus go horg&aacute;nach. Bh&iacute; tionchar an-mh&oacute;r ag an siomp&oacute;isiam seo ar an d&iacute;osp&oacute;ireacht faoi an gcaitic&eacute;is. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sa bhliain 1985 ghairm an P&aacute;pa Eoin P&oacute;l II tion&oacute;l neamhchoiteann de Shionad na nEaspag, ar chothrom fiche bliain &oacute; oscailt Dara Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine. &ldquo;Ba &eacute; ba chusp&oacute;ir don tion&oacute;l sin gr&aacute;sta&iacute; agus tortha&iacute; spiorad&aacute;lta Dara Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine a chom&oacute;radh agus an teagasc a th&aacute;inig aisti a dhoimhni&uacute;, d&rsquo;fhonn clo&iacute; n&iacute;os dl&uacute;ithe leis agus &eacute; a chur i bhfios agus i bhfeidhm&rdquo; (F.D., R&eacute;amhr&aacute;).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Ba thoradh ar an Sionad seo an Caiticiosma. Chuir Aithreacha an tSionaid a mian in i&uacute;l &ldquo;go gcuirf&iacute; le ch&eacute;ile caiticiosma n&oacute; coimre ar an bhfoirceadal Caitliceach go hioml&aacute;n, idir ch&uacute;rsa&iacute; creidimh agus mor&aacute;ltachta, a bheadh ina ch&aacute;ip&eacute;is tagartha ar na caiticiosma&iacute; n&oacute; na coimr&iacute; a chumfa&iacute; sna t&iacute;ortha &eacute;ags&uacute;la. Ba ch&oacute;ir an foirceadal a chur i l&aacute;thair ar bhun&uacute;s an Bh&iacute;obla agus an liot&uacute;irge, agus teagasc &aacute; leagan amach ann a bheadh cruinn agus ag an am c&eacute;anna in oiri&uacute;int do shaol Cr&iacute;ostaithe na linne seo&rdquo; (<em>Tuarasc&aacute;il dheiridh an tSionaid neamhchoitinn<\/em>, 7 Nollaig, 1985, II, B, a, 4: FD R&eacute;amhr&aacute;). Ghlac Eoin P&oacute;l II leis an dtogra seo, ag dearbh&uacute; go raibh s&eacute; &ldquo;ag freagairt go baileach don gh&aacute; at&aacute; ag an Eaglais uilechoiteann agus ag na hEaglais&iacute; ar leith&rdquo; (FD, R&eacute;amhr&aacute;).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">2.2: Comhdh&eacute;anamh CEC<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Conas ar cuireadh CEC le ch&eacute;ile? C&eacute; an c&oacute;ras ar baineadh &uacute;s&aacute;id as chun an t&eacute;acs a scr&iacute;obh agus a chur in eagar? An pr&oacute;iseas a bh&iacute; ann, ba thoradh &eacute; ar luachanna na Comhairle, is &eacute; sin le r&aacute; bh&iacute; col&aacute;isti&uacute;lacht agus spiorad &eacute;ac&uacute;im&eacute;anach i gceist, agus ba thionsnamh de chuid na hEaglaise uile &eacute;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 8pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">I m&iacute; an Mheithimh 1986 thug an P&aacute;pa an c&uacute;ram do Choimisi&uacute;n, caiticiosma comhchoitianta a chur le ch&eacute;ile. Bhi d&aacute;r&eacute;ag cairdin&eacute;al agus easpag ina mbaill den choimisi&uacute;n seo, agus an Cairdin&eacute;al Seosamh Ratzinger mar uachtar&aacute;n air. Na baill eile n&aacute; an ceathrar Cairdin&eacute;il: Baum (Comhthion&oacute;l um L&eacute;ann Eaglasta), Lourusamy (Comhthion&oacute;l do Eaglais&iacute; an Oirthir), Tomko (Comhthion&oacute;l don tSoisc&eacute;ala&iacute;ocht) agus Innocenti (Comhthion&oacute;l don gCl&eacute;ir). Ba easpaig iad na baill eile: Law (Boston), Stoba (Poznan, sa Pholainn), Edelby (Aleppo, i Siria), D&rsquo;Souza (Calcutta, san Ind), Isidoro de Souza (Cotonou, Benin), Ben&iacute;tez Avalos (Villarica, Paragua), agus freisin an tArd-Easpag Schotte (Beilgeach, R&uacute;na&iacute; Ginear&aacute;lta de chuid Sionad na nEaspag). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 8pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">I m&iacute; na Samhna 1986 buna&iacute;odh coiste eagarth&oacute;ireachta a raibh seachtar easpag mar bhaill ann: Estepa (easpag m&iacute;leata na Sp&aacute;inne), Maggiolini (Como, san Iod&aacute;il), Honor&eacute; (Tours, an Fhrainc), Medina (Rancagua, an tSile), Konstant (Leeds, Sasana), Levada (Portland, St&aacute;it Aontaithe), Karlich (Paran&aacute;, an Airgint&iacute;n). Idir an d&aacute; linn ghlaoigh an Cairdin&eacute;al Ratzinger ar an Ollamh Christof Sch&ouml;nborn, OP (Doiminiceach) &oacute; ollscoil Fribourg san Eilv&eacute;is, le bheith ina r&uacute;na&iacute; ar an bhfoireann seo scr&iacute;bhneoir&iacute;. (T&aacute; Sch&ouml;nborn anois ina Chairdin&eacute;al &Aacute;rd-Easpag ar V&iacute;n, pr&iacute;omhchathair na hOstaire.) Seo iad na fir a dhein an chuid is m&oacute; den obair i gc&aacute;s scr&iacute;obh agus eagarth&oacute;ireacht an Chaiticiosma.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 8pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Bhi &ldquo;r&eacute;amh-thionscnamh&rdquo; ullmhaithe faoi an mbliain d&aacute;r gcionn, 1987, agus cuireadh go 40 comhairleoir&iacute; &eacute; chun a dtuairim&iacute; a fh&aacute;il.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 8pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">I m&iacute; na Samhna 1989 cuireadh &ldquo;tionscnamh athbhreithnithe&rdquo; chuig gach Easpag san Eaglais, chuig gach Comhdh&aacute;il Easpag, agus chuig pr&iacute;omh-ollscoileanna agus institi&uacute;id&iacute; na hEaglaise. Th&aacute;inig 938 freagra&iacute; ar ais &oacute;n gcomhairli&uacute;ch&aacute;n ollmh&oacute;r seo, agus 24,000 molta&iacute; &aacute; nd&eacute;anamh iontu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 8pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Deineadh staid&eacute;ar agus meast&oacute;ireacht ar na molta&iacute; seo go l&eacute;ir idir m&iacute; an Mheithimh agus m&iacute; Deireadh F&oacute;mhair na bliana d&aacute;r gcionn 1990, agus cuireadh an-chuid leis an dt&eacute;acs de bharr na molta&iacute; seo. (B&rsquo;fh&eacute;idir gurb &eacute; an toradh is suntasa&iacute; a bh&iacute; ar an gcomhairli&uacute; go l&eacute;ir n&aacute; an cinneadh go gcuirf&iacute; an cheathr&uacute; &ldquo;Chuid&rdquo; leis an dt&eacute;acs, ar &ldquo;An Urna&iacute; Chr&iacute;osta&iacute;&rdquo;.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 8pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">I m&iacute; Feabhra 1992 bh&iacute; an leagan deiridh cr&iacute;ochnaithe ag an gcoimisi&uacute;n. Tugadh don Athair Naofa &eacute;, agus cheadaigh s&eacute; &eacute; i m&iacute; an Mheithimh 1992. F&oacute;gra&iacute;odh CEC i nDeireadh F&oacute;mhair 1992, agus an mh&iacute; d&aacute;r gcionn foils&iacute;odh eagr&aacute;n Fraincise i bP&aacute;ras. Foils&iacute;odh eagr&aacute;n i mB&eacute;arla sa bhliain 1994, agus eagr&aacute;n Gaeilge i 2001.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 8pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Eis&iacute;odh an <em>editio typica<\/em> sa Laidin ar an 15&uacute; l&aacute; de L&uacute;nasa 1997.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">T&aacute; s&eacute; soil&eacute;ir on gcaoi inar cuireadh an Caiticiosma le ch&eacute;ile gur t&eacute;acs uilechoiteann &eacute; agus gur obair chol&aacute;isti&uacute;il den scoth a bh&iacute; ann. Dian-obair mhionch&uacute;iseach a bh&iacute; ann chomh maith dar nd&oacute;igh: ullmha&iacute;odh naoi leagan den t&eacute;acs roimh theacht ar an leagan deireaneach. &Oacute; is rud &eacute; gur th&aacute;inig an oiread sin tuairim&iacute; agus molta&iacute; &oacute; an domhan uile, t&aacute; saibhreas ar leith ag baint le CEC. Mar adeir Eoin P&oacute;l II: &ldquo;Comhcheol an oiread sin gl&oacute;rtha, is friotal &eacute; d&aacute;ir&iacute;re ar an rud a bhf&eacute;adfa&iacute; &lsquo;siansa&rsquo; an chreidimh a thabhairt air&rdquo; (F.D. 1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>3.<\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&Aacute;bhar CEC agus Dara Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine:<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">An rud at&aacute; luachmhar faoi CEC n&aacute; go gcuireann s&eacute; os &aacute;r gcomhair an Creideamh Caitliceach ina ioml&aacute;ine, agus <strong>go h-org&aacute;nach<\/strong>. T&aacute; an Caiticiosma &ldquo;t&oacute;gtha&rdquo; ar na ceithre &ldquo;col&uacute;in&rdquo; a bh&iacute; ina gcreatlach go traidisi&uacute;nta le haghaidh teagasc an chreidimh. Seo iad ceithre &ldquo;Coda&rdquo; an Chaiticiosma: Cuid a hAon: Admh&aacute;il an Chreidimh (An Cr&eacute;); Cuid a D&oacute;: Ceili&uacute;radh na R&uacute;ndiamhra Cr&iacute;osta&iacute; (an Liot&uacute;irge); Cuid a Tr&iacute;: An Bheatha i gCr&iacute;ost (teagasc mor&aacute;lta); Cuid a Ceathair: An Urna&iacute; Chr&iacute;osta&iacute; (Gu&iacute;). T&aacute; sruth org&aacute;nach mar sin ag dul tr&iacute;d an t&eacute;acs, &oacute; an <em>lex credendi<\/em>, go dt&iacute; an <em>lex celebrandi<\/em>, go dt&iacute; an <em>lex vivendi<\/em>, go dt&iacute; an <em>lex orandi<\/em>. M&uacute;ineann Cuid a hAon ailt an Chr&eacute;: c&eacute;ard a chreideann muid. M&uacute;ineann Cuid a D&oacute; conas a <span style=\"color: blue;\">cheili&uacute;rtar<\/span> na r&uacute;ndiamhra seo i liot&uacute;irge na hEaglaise. I gCuid a Tr&iacute; l&eacute;ir&iacute;tear conas a <span style=\"color: blue;\">chuirtear<\/span> &aacute;r gcreideamh agus &aacute;r bp&aacute;irt&iacute;ocht sa ghr&aacute;sta diaga i ngn&iacute;omh in &aacute;r saol laeth&uacute;il; agus i gCuid a Ceathair d&eacute;antar cur s&iacute;os den scoth ar an urna&iacute; a dh&eacute;anann muid go pearsanta agus i gcomaoin na hEaglaise. An t-aon mh&oacute;r-Chaiticiosma eile a foils&iacute;odh i rith stair na hEaglaise, <em>Caiticiosma Comhairle Thrionta<\/em>, t&oacute;gadh &eacute; ar na ceithre col&uacute;in ch&eacute;anna.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Sa Bhulla <em>Porta Fidei<\/em>, len ar sheol s&eacute; Bliain an Chreidimh i 2012, chun cothrom tr&iacute;ocha bliain &oacute; oscailt Dara Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine a cheili&uacute;radh, deir Beinidicht XVI gur &ldquo;f&iacute;or-thoradh&rdquo; ar an gComhairle &eacute; CEC. Is l&eacute;ir &eacute; seo i nd&aacute;ir&iacute;re ar &aacute;bhar an Chaiticiosma, chomh maith leis an chaoi ina gcuirtear f&iacute;rinn&iacute; an Chreidimh in i&uacute;l ann.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Luann an Caiticiosma f&eacute;in go mbraitheann s&eacute; ar theagasc na Comhairle: &ldquo;T&aacute; s&eacute; de chusp&oacute;ir ag an Caiticiosma seo faisn&eacute;is eagraithe n&oacute; sint&eacute;is a chur i l&aacute;thair de bhun&eacute;irim eisinti&uacute;il an fhoirceadail Chaitlicigh i dtaobh an chreidimh agus na mor&aacute;ltachta, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">faoi l&eacute;as Dhara Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine<\/span> agus ioml&aacute;n Thraidisi&uacute;n na hEaglaise&rdquo; (CEC 11). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">T&aacute; s&eacute; soil&eacute;ir gurb &eacute; seo &eacute; Caiticiosma na Comhairle. Tar &eacute;is an Scriopt&uacute;r Naofa is iad t&eacute;acsanna na Comhairle na foins&iacute; is m&oacute; a mbaintear &uacute;s&aacute;id astu sa t&eacute;acs. In theannta sin, t&aacute; m&oacute;r-th&eacute;ama&iacute; na Comhairle le braistint ar fud an Chaiticiosma: an ghairm uil&iacute;och chun na naofachta agus na soisc&eacute;ala&iacute;ochta, an Eaglais mar chomaoin (<em>communio<\/em>); an chaoi ina gcuirtear an Liot&uacute;irge os &aacute;r gcomhair mar cheili&uacute;radh ar na R&uacute;ndiamhra Cr&iacute;osta&iacute;, 7 rl.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Ta teagasc na Comhairle le f&aacute;il ar chuile leathanach de chuid an CEC, ach is fi&uacute; breathn&uacute; ar dh&aacute; th&eacute;ama ar leith a bhaineann macalla as Dara Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\"><em>(i)<\/em><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&ldquo;Antraipeola&iacute;ocht&rdquo; an Chaiticiosma:<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Faoi mar a rinne an Dara Comhairle Vatac&aacute;ineach, d&eacute;anann CEC gach iarracht agallamh a oscailt agus a fhorbairt leis an duine daonna. D&eacute;antar iarracht an foirceadal Cr&iacute;osta&iacute; a mh&iacute;ni&uacute; sa chaoi gur f&eacute;idir &eacute; a thuiscint i gcomhth&eacute;acs antraipeola&iacute;ochta. Mar sin feictear go bhfuil dh&aacute; mh&iacute;r i ngach ceann de na ceithre Coda. Labhrann an ch&eacute;ad mh&iacute;r leis an duine daonna ina dhaonnacht, agus sa dara m&iacute;r d&eacute;antar cur i l&aacute;thair strucht&uacute;rtha ar an bhfoirceadal. T&aacute; na m&iacute;reanna roinnte ina gcaibidl&iacute;, agus foranna ins na caibidl&iacute; f&eacute;in. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Mar shampla i gc&aacute;s Cuid a hAon (&ldquo;Admh&aacute;il an Chreidimh&rdquo;) t&aacute; dh&aacute; mh&iacute;r ann: an ch&eacute;ad mh&iacute;r (&ldquo;Creidim&rdquo; &ndash; &ldquo;Creideann muid&rdquo;) pl&eacute;ann s&eacute; br&iacute; an fhocail &ldquo;creideamh&rdquo;. Is &eacute; teideal at&aacute; ar an ch&eacute;ad chaibidil sa mh&iacute;r seo n&aacute; &ldquo;Acmhainn an duine chun D&eacute;&rdquo;, agus is iad na foranna at&aacute; ann n&aacute;: &ldquo;An mian chun D&eacute;&rdquo;; &ldquo;Slite chun aithne a chur ar Dhia&rdquo;; &ldquo; An tEolas faoi Dhia de r&eacute;ir na hEaglaise&rdquo; agus &ldquo;Conas is f&eacute;idir labhairt faoi Dhia?&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Ar an gcaoi ch&eacute;anna pl&eacute;ann Cuid a Tr&iacute; mar shampla &ldquo;An Bheatha i gCr&iacute;ost&rdquo; (teagasc mor&aacute;lta). Is &eacute; teideal at&aacute; ar an gc&eacute;ad mh&iacute;r anseo n&aacute; &ldquo;Gairm an Duine: an Bheatha sa Spiorad&rdquo;. Ta tr&iacute; chaibidil sa mh&iacute;r seo: &ldquo;Gradam an Duine Daonna&rdquo;; &ldquo;An Comhphobal Daonna&rdquo; &ndash; braitheann an chaibidil seo go m&oacute;r ar theagasc an Reachta Thr&eacute;adaigh <em>Gaudium et Spes <\/em>&#8211; agus &ldquo; Sl&aacute;n&uacute; D&eacute;: Dl&iacute; agus Gr&aacute;sta&rdquo;. Sa dara m&iacute;r de Chuid a Tr&iacute; t&aacute; teagasc ar na deich n-Aitheanta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\"><em>(ii)<\/em><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">An Liot&uacute;irge:<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Feictear tionchar l&aacute;idir na Comhairle freisin sa chaoi ina m&iacute;n&iacute;tear Liot&uacute;irge na hEaglaise. Cuireann teideal an Tr&iacute;&uacute; Chuid f&eacute;in, &ldquo;Ceili&uacute;radh na R&uacute;ndiamhra Cr&iacute;osta&iacute;&rdquo;, in i&uacute;l go leanfar peirspict&iacute;ocht na Comhairle i leith an liot&uacute;irge agus na sacraimint&iacute;, is &eacute; sin le r&aacute; go gcuirtear na sacraimint&iacute; i gcomhth&eacute;acs stair an tsl&aacute;naithe, agus go gcuirtear an liot&uacute;irge i gcomhth&eacute;acs r&uacute;ndiamhair na C&aacute;sca. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&Oacute; na m&eacute;anaoiseanna ar aghaidh, de r&eacute;ir a ch&eacute;ile, tharla scoilt idir diagacht na sacraimint&iacute; agus ceili&uacute;radh an liot&uacute;irge. Ba scaradh d&aacute;ins&eacute;ireach &eacute; seo, idir r&eacute;altacht na sacraimint&iacute; agus a bhfeidhm&iacute;ocht fhoirmi&uacute;il sna searmanais liot&uacute;irgeacha. Bh&iacute; mar phr&iacute;omh-aidhm ag an &ldquo;ghluaiseacht liot&uacute;irgeach&rdquo; sna blianta roimh an gComhairle an bac seo a dh&uacute;nadh, ag l&eacute;iri&uacute; gur ceart na sacraimint&iacute; a thuiscint tr&iacute; dh&iacute;ri&uacute; ar na deasghn&aacute;tha lena gceili&uacute;rtar iad. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Chuir <em>Sacrosanctum Concilium<\/em>, Reacht na Comhairle ar an Liot&uacute;irge, b&eacute;im ar leith ar an sint&eacute;is seo mar bhealach chun tuiscint n&iacute;os org&aacute;na&iacute; agus n&iacute;os doimhne a fh&aacute;il ar liot&uacute;irge agus ar shacraimint&iacute; na hEaglaise. Seo an mheabhair a fhaigheann muid sa Chaiticiosma. Mar shampla, ag labhairt faoi &ldquo;Caitic&eacute;is agus liot&uacute;irge&rdquo; deir an Caiticiosma: &ldquo;Is &eacute; is cusp&oacute;ir don chaitic&eacute;is liot&uacute;irgeach ionadacht a thabhairt chun r&uacute;ndiamhar Chr&iacute;ost (t&aacute; s&iacute; &lsquo;misteag&oacute;gach&rsquo; mar a deirtear), ag tarraingt &oacute;n sofheicthe ar an dofheicthe, &oacute;n chomhartha ar an n&iacute; a chomhartha&iacute;tear, &oacute; na &lsquo;sacraimint&iacute;&rsquo; ar na &lsquo;r&uacute;ndiamhra&rsquo;&rdquo; (CEC 1075).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>4.<\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Gn&eacute;ithe de chuid an CEC, agus Dara Comhairle na Vatac&aacute;ine:<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">In aitheasc a thug s&eacute; ar an 8&uacute; l&aacute; Nollaig 1992 dhearbhaigh Naomh Eoin P&oacute;l II gurb &eacute; an Caiticiosma &ldquo;an toradh is aib&iacute; agus is ioml&aacute;ine de chuid na Comhairle&rdquo;. Feictear go bhfuil dl&uacute;th-nasc idir an Caiticiosma agus an Chomhairle, &oacute; thaobh stair an t&eacute;acs, agus an chaoi inar scr&iacute;obhadh &eacute;, na h&aacute;bhair a phl&eacute;itear ann, agus an st&iacute;l cur in i&uacute;l a roghna&iacute;odh. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Is f&eacute;idir gn&eacute;ithe &aacute;irithe eile den Chaiticiosma a lua, a l&eacute;ir&iacute;onn an aontacht idir &eacute; agus an Chomhairle. Sa d&aacute; ch&aacute;s ta an phr&iacute;omh-&aacute;it ag an <strong>Scriopt&uacute;r Naofa<\/strong>. Deir <em>Dei Verbum <\/em>(uimhir 24) gurb &eacute; an Scriopt&uacute;r &ldquo;anam na diagachta&rdquo;. Is &eacute; anam an Chaiticiosma &eacute; an B&iacute;obla gan aon amhras. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">T&aacute; t&eacute;acs an Chaiticiosma l&aacute;n de thagairt&iacute; do <strong>Aithreacha agus do Dhocht&uacute;ir&iacute; na hEaglaise, chomh maith le Naoimh &oacute; gach tr&eacute;imhse stairi&uacute;il agus &oacute; gach traidisi&uacute;n liot&uacute;irgeach<\/strong>, idir mhn&aacute; agus fhir. Cuireann an saibhreas stairi&uacute;il seo i gcuimhne d&uacute;inn an <em>ressourcement<\/em>, an mhian chun dul ar ais ag foins&iacute; na hEaglaise a bh&iacute; le braistint ag an gComhairle Vatac&aacute;ineach. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Go minic sa Chaiticiosma d&eacute;antar tagairt do <strong>Eaglais&iacute; an Oirthir,<\/strong> agus do thraidisi&uacute;in liot&uacute;irgeacha &eacute;ags&uacute;la chomh maith leis an Deasghn&aacute;th R&oacute;mh&aacute;nach.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">T&aacute; dearcadh l&aacute;idir <strong>&eacute;ac&uacute;im&eacute;anach<\/strong> ag an t&eacute;acs: mar shampla is f&eacute;idir breathn&uacute; ar an m&iacute;ni&uacute;ch&aacute;n a thugtar ar an bhf&iacute;r&eacute;an&uacute; (CEC 1987 agus a leanas). <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>5.<\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Cr&iacute;och:<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 8pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Thar aon rud eile is <strong>t&eacute;acs soisc&eacute;ala&iacute;ochta<\/strong> &eacute; an Caiticiosma. T&aacute; s&eacute; d&iacute;rithe sa ch&eacute;ad &aacute;it ar thr&eacute;adaithe na hEaglaise, ar na hEaspaig a bhfuil s&eacute; mar phr&iacute;omh-fheagracht orthu an Creideamh a chaomhn&uacute;, a choth&uacute; agus a fh&oacute;gairt. Ach, mar a deir Eoin P&oacute;l II, &ldquo;t&aacute; s&eacute; &aacute; thairiscint freisin do na f&iacute;r&eacute;in go l&eacute;ir a dteasta&iacute;onn uathu eolas n&iacute;os fearr a chur ar shaibhreas dochuimsithe an tsl&aacute;naithe (cf. Eif. 3,8). Is mian leis, freisin, tac&uacute; leis an d&iacute;cheall &eacute;ac&uacute;im&eacute;anach at&aacute; &aacute; spreagadh ag mian bheannaithe na haontachta idir na Cr&iacute;ostaithe uile&hellip; Ar deireadh, t&aacute; <em>Caiticiosma na hEaglaise Caitlic&iacute;<\/em> &aacute; thairiscint do gach aon a &eacute;il&iacute;onn uainn bonn a thabhairt leis an d&oacute;chas at&aacute; ionainn (cf. 1 Pead. 3,15)&rdquo; (FD 3).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">I ndeireadh na d&aacute;la, is toradh saibhir agus luachmhar &eacute; CEC ar mhian an Ph&aacute;pa Naomh Eoin XXIII nuair a leag s&eacute; mar phr&iacute;omh-ch&uacute;ram ar an gComhairle &ldquo;caomhn&uacute; agus m&iacute;ni&uacute; n&iacute;os fearr a dh&eacute;anamh ar thaisce luachmhar an fhoirceadail Chr&iacute;osta&iacute;, chun go mbeadh teacht n&iacute;os &eacute;asca air ag f&iacute;r&eacute;in Chr&iacute;ost agus ag lucht na dea-thola go l&eacute;ir&rdquo; (FD, R&eacute;amhr&aacute;).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px; line-height: 115%;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px; line-height: 115%;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px; line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #445b71;\">Focail nach bhfuil is bhfocl&oacute;iri: buanaiocht <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #445b71;\"> T&eacute;arma(i) n&iacute;os simpl&iacute;: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">oibleag<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">aid&iacute;oc<span style=\"color: blue;\">ht<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #445b71;\">Dear&oacute;il, aid&iacute;ocht sna focl&oacute;iri; mar ainmfhocal: t. ainmneach iolra agus ginideach iolra?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #445b71;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #445b71;\"> An teideal: C&eacute; hiad&nbsp;&nbsp; &hellip;a ghoile (no a Ngoile?)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Colm &Oacute; T&oacute;rna<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">3 Garr&aacute;n Ghleann Sceiche, Ard Aidhin,Baile &Aacute;tha Cliath 5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 01\/8313333 087 \/2266594 <a href=\"mailto:colmtorna@gmail.com\">colmotorna@gmail.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><br clear=\"all\" \/> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\"> C&eacute; hiad <strong>(??h&eacute;??) <\/strong>sin mo <span style=\"color: blue;\">chomharsa<\/span> a bhfuil faobhar ar a ghoile?<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Colm &Oacute; Torna<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">Comhth&eacute;acs<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8.65pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8.65pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">Faoi l&aacute;thair mairim&iacute;d<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.2pt;\"> <\/span>i<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.15pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">r<\/span>&eacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.2pt;\"> <\/span>sibhial<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">t<\/span>ac<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">t<\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.2pt;\"> <\/span>inar<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.2pt;\"> <\/span>aims&iacute;odh<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.2pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">g<\/span>ach<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.2pt;\"> <\/span>deis,<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.2pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">g<\/span>ach<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.2pt;\"> <\/span>cumas agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.55pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">g<\/span>ach<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.55pt;\"> <\/span>bealach<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.55pt;\"> <\/span>chun<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.6pt;\"> <\/span>an<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.55pt;\"> <\/span>bhoc<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">t<\/span>aineac<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>t,<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.55pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">g<\/span>alair<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.55pt;\"> <\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.6pt;\"> <\/span>an &eacute;a<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">g<\/span>&oacute;ir<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.3pt;\"> <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">bhunaithe<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: 1.25pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">a<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">t<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">&aacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.3pt;\"> <\/span>&aacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.35pt;\"> <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue; letter-spacing: 1.35pt;\">m<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\">b<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">r&uacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.3pt;\"> <\/span>ar<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.35pt;\"> <\/span>luc<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>t<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.3pt;\"> <\/span>na<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.3pt;\"> <\/span>dea<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">r<\/span>&oacute;ile<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.35pt;\"> <\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.3pt;\"> <\/span>ionsa&iacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.35pt;\"> <\/span>le h&eacute;i<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.45pt;\">f<\/span>eac<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>t<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.1pt;\"> <\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.1pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">g<\/span>o<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.15pt;\"> <\/span>lean&uacute;nach.<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.1pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.95pt;\">T<\/span>&aacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.1pt;\"> <\/span>in&aacute;r<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.15pt;\"> <\/span>seilbh an<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\"> <\/span>eola&iacute;oc<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>t agus an <span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">t<\/span>eicneola&iacute;oc<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>t, sainoil<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">t<\/span>eac<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">t<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">i gc&uacute;rsa&iacute; leighis<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">, cumais<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.45pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">t<\/span>alm<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\">h<\/span>a&iacute;oc<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">t<\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\"> <\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.45pt;\"> <\/span>dea<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">n<\/span>t&uacute;sa&iacute;oc<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">t<\/span>a,<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\"> <\/span>modha<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\">n<\/span>na<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.45pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">t<\/span>ai<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">s<\/span>til, iompair<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.65pt;\"> <\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.65pt;\"> <\/span>cuma<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">r<\/span>s&aacute;ide<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.65pt;\"> <\/span>nach<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.65pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">r<\/span>aibh<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.65pt;\"> <\/span>riamh<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.7pt;\"> <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">cheana<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: 0.65pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">ag<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.65pt;\"> <\/span>an <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">gc<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">ine<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.05pt;\"> <\/span>daonn<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\">a<\/span>,<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.05pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">g<\/span>o<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.05pt;\"> <\/span>b<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">h<\/span>fios<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.05pt;\"> <\/span>d&uacute;inn. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.4pt; text-indent: 53pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">F&oacute;s f&aacute;gtar ar an dtr&aacute; folamh iad.<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\"> T&aacute; <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\">an teideal <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\">daonna <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\">at&aacute; ag na <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\">dear&oacute;il teacht ar na <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\">bun- agus buan-<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\">riachtannais mhaireacht&aacute;la, a eil&iacute;tear ag a <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\">nd&iacute;nit <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\">chun a bheith beo le d&oacute;chas, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\">s&eacute;anta<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\">, coscaithe ortha.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> De bharr an dul chun cinn &eacute;achtach luaite thuas i ngach a bhaineann le iliomaid cumais agus feidireacta at&aacute; in&aacute;r seilbh, san <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">Iarthar<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> go h&aacute;irithe, is riachtannas anois go mbuan&oacute;far bunsraitheanna <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">mor&aacute;lta <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">doimnithe faoin a roinnt. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.4pt; text-indent: 53pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> Is l&eacute;ir <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; letter-spacing: 0.9pt;\">go bhfuil an idirbheart&aacute;iocht pholaitiuil idirnaisiunta eag&oacute;rach agus <span style=\"color: blue;\">chomh maith<\/span> <span style=\"color: blue;\">leis sin <\/span>institiuidithe sna corais agus <span style=\"color: blue;\">sna <\/span>beala&iacute; uile lena chaitheann Saibhir le Daibhir, <span style=\"color: blue;\">g<\/span>o bhfuil na <span style=\"color: blue;\">n&oacute;sanna a ghlactar leo i gc&uacute;rsa&iacute;<em> <\/em>trad&aacute;la agus gn&oacute; <\/span>a <span style=\"color: blue;\">shaothra&iacute;onn<\/span> <span style=\"color: blue;\">don <\/span>Saibhir foinsithe sa mheanma Saint seachas <span style=\"color: blue;\">Roinnt<\/span>, <span style=\"color: blue;\">g<\/span>o bhfuil a spiorad seascaithe beag beann ar phrionsab&aacute;ltacht na daonnacht&uacute;lachta ina bhfuil <span style=\"color: blue;\">sealbh&uacute; <\/span>&aacute;r ndaonlathais f&eacute;in fr&eacute;amhaithe. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 5pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; letter-spacing: 0.9pt;\">Na dear&oacute;il br&uacute;ite go taobhl&iacute;nt<span style=\"color: blue;\">e<\/span> &aacute;r n-<span style=\"color: blue;\">iomarca&iacute;ochta<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: blue;\">Is f&iacute;ordh&uacute;shl&aacute;n dao<\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\">nnacht&uacute;il &aacute;r linne <\/span><span style=\"color: blue;\">&eacute; <\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\">go mbuan&oacute;fa&iacute; nuathuiscint de &ldquo;ceart dom, ceart duit&rdquo; mar phr&iacute;omhacht phrionsab&aacute;lta i ngach deile&aacute;il agus cumars&aacute;id idirn&aacute;isunta idir Saibhir agus Daibhir. N&iacute; beag san.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\"> Fr&eacute;amhriachtanais na maitheasa agus na buana&iacute;ochta soisialta <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"> &ldquo;The modern experiment to live without religion has failed, and once we have understood this we know what our &lsquo;post-modern&rsquo; tasks really are&rdquo;. <em>A Guide for the Perplexed<\/em> le E. F. Schumacher. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">Is &iacute; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">cailliuint bheonasc len&aacute;r Chruthaitheoir uile <span style=\"color: blue;\">an <\/span>phriomh-<span style=\"color: blue;\">earr&aacute;id<\/span> in&aacute;r dtuiscint <span style=\"color: blue;\">d&aacute;r<\/span> r&oacute;l i gcumadh &aacute;r chaibidil reatha i sc&eacute;al lean&uacute;nach an Duine agus a<span style=\"color: blue;\">n bhagairt <\/span> ar shibhialtacht &aacute;r linne go hairithe. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Toradh ar seo <span style=\"color: blue;\">n&aacute; <\/span>go bhfuil an Nua-aimsearachas, at&aacute; fr&eacute;amhaithe san aindiachas, agus an d&iacute;ghradam&uacute; daonna a leanann &eacute;, &aacute; chraobhscaoileadh agus &aacute; bhuan&uacute; in <span style=\"color: blue;\">Iarthar<\/span> an domhain go hairithe agus ag leathn&uacute; i ngach cairn den Cruinne a thagann faoina n-an&aacute;il. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">N&iacute;l an gus spiorad&aacute;lta i gcult&uacute;ir an <span style=\"color: blue;\">&Aacute;bharachais<\/span> <span style=\"color: blue;\">Fheals&uacute;naigh<\/span> seo at&aacute; d&aacute;r dtreor&uacute; chun an <span style=\"color: blue;\">oibleag<\/span>aid&iacute;oc<span style=\"color: blue;\">ht<\/span> <strong>(????+????= obligingness) <\/strong>daonna a lu&iacute;onn orainn d&aacute; ch&eacute;ile uile agus dos na dear&oacute;il <strong>(???)<\/strong> go h&aacute;irithe a thuiscint. T&aacute; an t-<span style=\"color: blue;\">&aacute;bhara&iacute;<\/span> dall ar luach speisialta <span style=\"color: blue;\">indibhidi&uacute;lach<\/span> an t&eacute; is laige, is ainreota&iacute; n&oacute; nach bhfuil roimhe n&oacute; roimpi ach saol ghairid m&iacute;-<span style=\"color: blue;\">&aacute;mharach<\/span> gan d&oacute;chas. Trag&oacute;id doleigheasta don aindiacha&iacute; go <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">sealbha&iacute;onn duine <\/span>beatha d&aacute; <span style=\"color: blue;\">leith&eacute;id<\/span> at&aacute;, dar leis, gan bhr&iacute; agus <em>ipso facto<\/em> gan luach ar bith. Is san d&iacute;l&uacute;ach&aacute;il seo at&aacute; gach <span style=\"color: blue;\">&eacute;ag&oacute;ir<\/span> frithbheatha fr&eacute;amhaithe, cothaithe agus, go fi&uacute;, molta sa l&aacute; inniu mar dul chun cinn. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N&iacute; daille go daille seo an aindiachais mar go mbaintear d&aacute; chosa aige an s&aacute;r-<span style=\"color: blue;\">bhuan<\/span> luach&aacute;il amh&aacute;in inar f&eacute;idir d&iacute;nit <span style=\"color: blue;\">dosh&aacute;raithe<\/span> gach ball den cine daonna a fhr&eacute;amh&uacute;, a chosaint agus a fhorbairt, <span style=\"color: blue;\">is &eacute; sin le r&aacute; gur<\/span> de stoc <span style=\"color: blue;\">diaga<\/span> gach mac agus inion m&aacute;thar a rugadh riamh n&oacute; a bheirfear go deo. Is i bhf&iacute;ric seo na <span style=\"color: blue;\">bhf&iacute;ric&iacute;<\/span>, thar ceann ar bith eile, gur f&eacute;idir d&iacute;nit gach neach beo a fhr&eacute;amh&uacute;, <span style=\"color: blue;\">st&aacute;das<\/span> at&aacute;, n&iacute; hamhain n&iacute;os airde n&aacute; macasamhail aon bheo eile ar dhroim na tal&uacute;n, ach de luach&aacute;il difri&uacute;il uachtarach n&aacute; iad. Anseo seo amh&aacute;in <span style=\"color: blue;\">t&aacute; againn <\/span>d&rsquo;eisint D&eacute; na s&iacute;orra&iacute;ochta f&eacute;in, <span style=\"color: blue;\">mar<\/span> is &oacute;n Cruthaitheoir fein at&aacute; an phribhl&eacute;id seo bronnta ar c&aacute;ch &lsquo;gan eisceacht ar bith&rsquo;. N&iacute; flaithi&uacute;lacht i mbronnadh go flaithi&uacute;lacht seo D&eacute;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Cuma aon dea-<span style=\"color: blue;\">thoil,<\/span> t&aacute; an Nua-aimsearachas tumaithe in eadochasacht mar nach f&eacute;idir r&iacute;amh cruach&aacute;s na ndear&oacute;l seo at&aacute; leathnaithe ar f&uacute;d an Domhain Tr&eacute;igthe a leigheas. Rud at&aacute; f&iacute;or. Cr&iacute;ost f&eacute;in a chuir an fh&iacute;rinne <span style=\"color: blue;\">shearbh<\/span> sin &oacute;s &aacute;r chomhair.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">T&aacute;, d&aacute; bharr san, an claonadh i ndallmheanma seo an Nua-aimserachais i ngach a mholtar chun <span style=\"color: blue;\">cruach&aacute;s<\/span> seo na <span style=\"color: blue;\">ndear&oacute;il<\/span> (?) a mhaol&uacute; d&iacute;rithe i dtreo laghd&uacute; l&iacute;on na <span style=\"color: blue;\">ndear&oacute;l<\/span> (?) f&eacute;in, seachas na c&uacute;iseanna lena nge&iacute;rch&eacute;im a dhibirt chomh fada agus is f&eacute;idir. Is minic an &lsquo;chomh fada agus is f&eacute;idir&rsquo; sin curtha ar mh&eacute;ar fhada ead&oacute;chasach. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Sm&aacute;la&iacute;onn an eadochasacht seo an fhiric gur iontas thar gach iontas sealbh&uacute; na <span style=\"color: blue;\">beatha<\/span> daonna, <span style=\"color: blue;\">go<\/span> bhfuil ionainn uile, ainneoin &aacute;r laig&iacute; spiorad&aacute;lta, cumais, misneach agus <span style=\"color: blue;\">dochlo&iacute;teacht<\/span> &aacute;irithe gur f&eacute;idir iad a mh&uacute;scailt agus a shaothr&uacute; cuma cruatan n&oacute; deacrachta&iacute; a bhaineann go minic len&aacute;r saolta uile. <span style=\"color: blue;\">Faoi<\/span> sc&aacute;th teoranta an aindiachais d&uacute;ntar go cinnte fuinne&oacute;g seo na cinnteachta agus an d&oacute;chais, agus an <span style=\"color: blue;\">fhadradharcacht<\/span> a bhrosta&iacute;onn di&uacute;lt&uacute; don <span style=\"color: blue;\">eag&oacute;ir<\/span> n&oacute; don cos ar bholg a imr&iacute;otar ar dhaoine n&oacute; ar phobal ar bith. Baintear deireadh d&uacute;ile de dh&oacute;chas an <span style=\"color: blue;\">aindiacha&iacute;<\/span> <strong>(Ciall??? N&iacute;os simpl&iacute;?)<\/strong>. Tuiteann an lug ar an lag aige toisc a laghad agus is f&eacute;idir a dh&eacute;anamh ar mhaithe leis na <span style=\"color: blue;\">dear&oacute;il (?)<\/span>. Ar <span style=\"color: blue;\">bhealach<\/span> s&aacute;ch uasal go fi&uacute;, feictear d&oacute; nach fi&uacute; m&oacute;r&aacute;n a bheatha f&eacute;in gan tr&aacute;cht ar bheatha&iacute; daoine eile. Is beag n&aacute; gur saghas m&iacute;tharl&uacute;int catastr&oacute;fach an bheatha dhaonna agus gach a bhaineann lei. B&rsquo;fhearr gan a bheith ann dair&iacute;re ach is g&aacute; mar sin f&eacute;in nach m&uacute;chfar ar fad an <span style=\"color: blue;\">cine<\/span> daonna. C&aacute; bhfios ach go n-aimseofar nua-staid don chine ar ball bu&iacute;ochas ach go h&aacute;irithe do photentia na heola&iacute;ochta. Mar is ag alt&oacute;ir na heola&iacute;ochta a adhrann s&eacute;. Idir an d&aacute; linn caithidh na beo maireacht&aacute;il mar n&iacute;l aon dul as <span style=\"color: blue;\">acu<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T&aacute; an doirbh&iacute;ochas (pessimisim) seo le sonr&uacute; i ngach at&aacute; a mholadh ag an Nua-aimsearachas i <span style=\"color: blue;\">gcomhth&eacute;acs<\/span> <em>raison <span style=\"color: blue;\">d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre<\/span><\/em> na colla&iacute;ochta. <span style=\"color: blue;\">D&eacute;antar<\/span> gach iarracht gineadh a sheachaint i gcult&uacute;r seo an choisc&iacute;n; milltear n&oacute; mara&iacute;tear an bheatha nuair is laige &eacute; le ginmhilleadh n&oacute; &eacute;il&iacute;tear f&eacute;inmhar&uacute; mar theidl&iacute;ocht dos na sean n&oacute; f&oacute;s <span style=\"color: blue;\">dona<\/span> h-&oacute;ga; n&oacute; chun &eacute;al&uacute; &oacute; fhulaingt n&oacute; &oacute; olldheacrachta&iacute;; n&oacute; f&oacute;s moltar mar <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">rud <\/span>normalta colla&iacute;ocht nach f&eacute;idir riamh beatha a ghineadh i &ldquo;bp&oacute;sadh&rdquo; idir beirt d&rsquo;aon <span style=\"color: blue;\">ghn&eacute;as<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nuair a <span style=\"color: blue;\">luaitear<\/span> &ldquo;foetal abnormality&rdquo; s&eacute;antar go fi&uacute;, n&oacute; n&iacute; thuigtear, gur beatha dhaonna faoi laincis at&aacute; i gceist. F&aacute;gtar mar rogha go m&uacute;chfar n&oacute; go saol&oacute;fa&iacute; an neach seo is laige ar fad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 31.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20; position: relative; top: -4pt;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T&aacute; an casadh i dtreo mh&uacute;chadh ioml&aacute;n tuisceana do luach an t&eacute; is laige anois l&eacute;irithe i nocht&uacute; an <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue; position: relative; top: -4pt;\">sc&eacute;il<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20; position: relative; top: -4pt;\"> faoi imeachtai Planned Parenthood i Mheirice&aacute;. L&eacute;iritear i bhf&iacute;steipeanna a ghlacadh go r&uacute;nda gur chuid d&aacute; &ldquo;gn&oacute;&rdquo; seo aimsi&uacute; agus diol &ldquo;foetal material&rdquo; le haghaidh taighde. Citear go soileir g&eacute;aganna agus cosa b&iacute;deacha &ldquo;reidh don mhargadh&rdquo;. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 31.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 31.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">An P&oacute;sadh faoi ionsa&iacute;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\"><a href=\"#_msocom_1\" name=\"_msoanchor_1\">[M1]<\/a>&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">!<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 31.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Faoi thionchur aic&iacute;d fhorleata<span style=\"color: blue;\">ch<\/span> spiorad&aacute;lta <span style=\"color: blue;\">na <\/span>frithbheatha seo <span style=\"color: blue;\">ionsa&iacute;tear<\/span> an <span style=\"color: blue;\">p&oacute;sadh<\/span> mar buanshol&aacute;thr&oacute;ir agus chosainteoir <span style=\"color: blue;\">na<\/span> <span style=\"color: blue;\">beatha<\/span> daonna f&eacute;in. D&iacute;fhr&eacute;amh&iacute;otar colla&iacute;ocht &oacute;na <em>raison d&rsquo;etre<\/em> mar sol&aacute;thr&oacute;ir &uacute;rbheatha ag tuisimitheoir&iacute; i mbuanghr&aacute; d&aacute; ch&eacute;ile. &lsquo;Lust clothed in the dress of love&rsquo; aduirt an Mhahatma agus &eacute; ag caint faoin a ph&oacute;sadh fein: &ldquo;Our love did not reach a high plane. There was affection, of course, between us. Affection there has been between us always but we came closer and closer the more we, or rather I, became restrained&rdquo;. Chonnachthas d&oacute; gur threisigh frithghiniuint an bhearna sin, go fi&uacute; i lan&uacute;nas ph&oacute;sta, seachas an ghr&aacute; idir an <span style=\"color: blue;\">bheirt<\/span> a<span style=\"color: #231f20; position: relative; top: -4pt;\"> bhuan&uacute; agus a bhreith go &ldquo;pl&aacute;na n&iacute;os airde&rdquo; f&oacute;s. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">Bunsraith dosraith dosh&aacute;raithe na Maitheasa Soisialta <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N&iacute; &iacute;ontas go bronnadh an bheatha <span style=\"color: blue;\">dhaonna<\/span> f&eacute;in ag tuisimitheoiri i ngr&aacute;. Pribhl&eacute;id na <span style=\"color: blue;\">bpribhl&eacute;id&iacute;<\/span> saol&uacute; duine <span style=\"color: blue;\">dhaonna<\/span>,&rdquo;de dheant&uacute;s&rdquo; diaga, nach raibh riamh ann <span style=\"color: blue;\">cheana<\/span> n&oacute; nach mbeidh ar&iacute;s ariamh ar&iacute;s sa chrutha&iacute;ocht. Sin is <span style=\"color: blue;\">buanfh&aacute;th<\/span> leis an l&uacute;ch&aacute;ir a <span style=\"color: blue;\">sonra&iacute;tear<\/span> ag breith linbh n&iacute; hamhain ag an lan&uacute;in ach ag a bhaill chlainne, ghaolta, c&aacute;irde agus go fi&uacute; comharsain. N&iacute; nuacht le roinnt go dti seo ainneoin chomh <span style=\"color: blue;\">com&oacute;nta<\/span> is <span style=\"color: blue;\">at&aacute;<\/span> s&eacute; agus seo &oacute; aimsir annal&oacute;d. Fada siar a sh&iacute;neann an tuiscint den ph&oacute;sadh mar aontas buan idir <span style=\"color: blue;\">fhear<\/span> agus <span style=\"color: blue;\">bhean<\/span> agus mhair an pos&aacute;dh i gc&oacute;na&iacute; mar bhuanghn&eacute; n&oacute; institi&uacute;id i sochaithe uile an domhain dar leis an antraipeola&iacute;, An Dr. Ashley Montagu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.4pt; text-indent: 53pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">M&eacute;ada&iacute;onn agus nearta&iacute;onn c&uacute;ram a linbh a choth&uacute;, a oileadh agus a threor&uacute; go haib&iacute;ochta buanghr&aacute; na beirte d&aacute; ch&eacute;ile. <span style=\"color: blue;\">Cotha&iacute;tear<\/span> gan staonadh sa teaghlach gach tr&eacute;ith ar a bhraitheann ar ball t&oacute;g&aacute;il agus forbairt socha&iacute; daonna.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.4pt; text-indent: 53pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Socha&iacute; ina chleachtar ag saor&aacute;nnaigh luachanna a ch&eacute;ad shealbha&iacute;odar ina dt&oacute;gail sa bhaile &#8211; Ionracas,comhbh&aacute; lena ch&eacute;ile, roinnt seachas saint i gcomhar chlainne, cosaint lag ag <span style=\"color: blue;\">an mhuintir<\/span> n&iacute;os laidre, smacht&uacute; chinealta nuair is g&aacute; agus maithi&uacute;nas &oacute; chro&iacute; nuair a thuilltear seo i dteannta <span style=\"color: blue;\">tuisceana<\/span> agus an moladh a chotha&iacute;onn f&eacute;inmheas. Seo uile cothaithe i mbuana&iacute;ocht ghairme an bhuanph&oacute;sadh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Borradh agus f&aacute;s eile f&oacute;s roimh gr&aacute; na dtuismitheori i saol&uacute; leana&iacute; a leana&iacute; &ndash; gur luach saothair speis&iacute;alta a ghr&aacute; d&aacute; cheile a theacht. Buana&iacute;otar nasc <span style=\"color: black;\">chlainne<\/span> beo seo na maitheasa a sh&iacute;n fada siar agus a shinfidh ar aghaidh mar snaidhm <span style=\"color: blue;\">fh&iacute;ordhaonna<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">An nasc-aistir seo a mhair agus a mhaireann thar na gl&uacute;inte is comhartha de bhuanbhliantacht (perpetuity) an <span style=\"color: blue;\">chine<\/span> <span style=\"color: blue;\">dhaonna<\/span> a mhaireann sl&aacute;n ainneoin gach tubaiste agus cinedh&iacute;oth&uacute; go fi&uacute; a sm&aacute;laigh stair an Duine. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Tuigtear don creidmheach gur f&eacute;idir go mbaintear ceannscr&iacute;be an aistir teaghlaigh i gcomhar chlainne s&iacute;orra&iacute; D&eacute; f&eacute;in. <strong>(Br&iacute; le seo??)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">D&iacute;ghr&aacute;d&uacute; agus treigint<em> raison d&rsquo;etre<\/em> an ph&oacute;sta mar cloch choirn&eacute;il i dt&oacute;gail socha&iacute; daonna is bunchuis leis an ainnis shoisialta at&aacute; ag r&eacute;abadh roimhe i sochaithe forbartha Iarthair an Domhain. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 31.3pt 0.0001pt 30px; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20; position: relative; top: -4pt;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 31.3pt 0.0001pt 30px; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">Bagairt ar shibhialtacht na hEorpa<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Ah&nbsp;! well a-day&nbsp;! what evil looks<br \/> Had I from old and young&nbsp;!<br \/> Instead of the cross, the Albatross<br \/> About my neck was hung.<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: blue;\">(Coleridge, &ldquo;The Ancient Mariner&rdquo;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Bagairt an bh&aacute;is f&eacute;in at&aacute; anois ag sn&aacute;mh ar <span style=\"color: blue;\">chraiceann<\/span> shibhialtacht na hEorpa. An t-albatras go bhfuil greim sc&oacute;rnaigh ar a mheanma laghad na leana&iacute; at&aacute; &aacute; ngineadh. Gealladh go mbeadh an choisc&iacute;n n&oacute; an phiolla in ann l&iacute;on t&iacute; leana&iacute; a phlean&aacute;il ach n&iacute; plean&aacute;il ach cosc ar bhreith a thoradh. N&iacute;l t&iacute;r d&aacute; chuid <span style=\"color: blue;\">ann<\/span> ina bhfuil r&aacute;ta breithe riachtannach do thodhca&iacute; <span style=\"color: blue;\">fhol&aacute;in<\/span>. Toradh ar seo go bhfuil g&eacute;irch&eacute;im deimeagrafach ag bagairt ar an <span style=\"color: blue;\">Eoraip<\/span> <span style=\"color: blue;\">tr&iacute;<\/span> ch&eacute;ile. Is cinnte gur <span style=\"color: blue;\">ch&uacute;is<\/span> le seo an <span style=\"color: blue;\">easpa<\/span> d&oacute;chais roimh a todhcha&iacute;. Spiorad&aacute;ltacht seascaithe, imn&iacute;och, eaglach gan d&oacute;chas saor&aacute;nachta nach bhfeiceann roimh sliocht a shleachta, a chult&uacute;r agus a sheasamhacht, ach asamhl&uacute;<strong> <span style=\"color: blue;\">na n-imirceach <\/span><\/strong>ar a <span style=\"color: blue;\">mbeidh<\/span> siad ag braith ar ball. <span style=\"color: blue;\">Lion<\/span> na n&shy;-<span style=\"color: blue;\">imirceach (??) <\/span>seo coinnithe &ldquo;ar an taobh amuigh&rdquo; faoi l&aacute;thair, ach ag m&eacute;ad&uacute; go <span style=\"color: blue;\">bagrach<\/span> ar an chumhacht agus stiur&uacute;, ord is eagar, at&aacute; go f&oacute;ill i seilbh na <span style=\"color: blue;\">mbund&uacute;chasach<\/span> (?) f&eacute;in. N&iacute;l an torth&uacute;lacht chult&uacute;rtha i mheanma na hEorpa a <span style=\"color: blue;\">ghinfeadh<\/span> an d&oacute;chas <span style=\"color: blue;\">dochlo&iacute;te<\/span> ar a bhraitheann sl&aacute;nfh&aacute;s aon <span style=\"color: blue;\">sibhialtachta<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">Is f&iacute;or <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">seo go h&aacute;irithe len&aacute;r linn f&eacute;in agus aghaidh daonna misni&uacute;il, failti&uacute;il le fearradh <span style=\"color: blue;\">againn <\/span>roimh l&iacute;on na dteifeach <span style=\"color: blue;\">at&aacute; <\/span>ag pl&oacute;d&uacute; isteach ag lorg chaighdean saoil at&aacute; coscaithe ortha ina <span style=\"color: blue;\">dt&iacute;ortha<\/span> d&uacute;chais f&eacute;in. Go mba <span style=\"color: blue;\">ch&oacute;ir<\/span> go mbeadh a shliocht a fhanann ar ball n&iacute;os Eorpa&iacute; na na hEorpaigh f&eacute;in &ndash; ach <span style=\"color: blue;\">t&aacute;<\/span> seo ag braith ar foll&aacute;ine dheimeagrafach na hEorpa f&eacute;in. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Go <span style=\"color: blue;\">dt&iacute; go n-athaims&iacute;tear<\/span> beonasc leo <span style=\"color: blue;\">si&uacute;d<\/span> ar an imeall agus go nginfear chomharch&uacute;ram i gcoinsias leo, is baolach go leanfaidh an b&aacute;s ag sn&aacute;mh ar chraiceann sibhialtacht na hEorpa agus Iarthair an Domhain. Go deimhin nuair a bhraithniotar ar th&iacute;ortha Aontais na hEorpa agus a gcuid chinnir&iacute;, le Angela Merkel mar eisceacht sonrach, ag tiont&uacute; droime ar na dear&oacute;il (<strong>???) <\/strong><span style=\"color: blue;\">lasmuigh<\/span> de sconsa&iacute; m&iacute;thr&oacute;caireacha nuath&oacute;gaithe is f&eacute;idir go bhfuil bagairt an bh&aacute;is chult&uacute;rtha f&eacute;in sin <span style=\"color: blue;\">cheana<\/span> f&eacute;in s&aacute;innithe go smior ina mheanma.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Peter Sutherland mar guth sa bhf&aacute;sach ag nochtadh fim&iacute;nteacht agus easpa dhaonnacht&uacute;lacht chinnir&iacute; na hEorpa. Fada &oacute; fh&iacute;s Chr&iacute;ost&uacute;il Maurice Schumann at&aacute; meoin agus meanma an AE. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">An &Oacute;ige<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Is i gcailli&uacute;int <span style=\"color: blue;\">na tuisceana <\/span>reiligi&uacute;nda gur <span style=\"color: blue;\">beith<\/span> <span style=\"color: blue;\">choisricthe<\/span> gach aon bheatha daonna le br&iacute; agus luach speis&iacute;alta, agus le h-aidhm n&oacute; aidhmeanna pearsanta &oacute;snad&uacute;rtha le haimsiu, is <span style=\"color: blue;\">pr&iacute;omh<\/span>ch&uacute;is leis an <span style=\"color: blue;\">&eacute;ad&oacute;chas<\/span> a bhrosta&iacute;onn &oacute;ige, ach go hairithe, chun <span style=\"color: blue;\">l&aacute;mh<\/span> a <span style=\"color: blue;\">chur<\/span> ina bh&aacute;s f&eacute;in. Buaneasnamh <span style=\"color: blue;\">pr&iacute;omha<\/span> spiorad&aacute;lta seo a chinnnt&iacute;on nach bhfuil ollaidhmeanna daonna &aacute; chuir ina l&aacute;thair a fhreastl&oacute;dh ar an id&eacute;ileachais is d&uacute;il don &oacute;ige. Coth&uacute; spioradalta at&aacute; riachtannach don &oacute;ige agus iad ag teacht in aib&iacute;ocht agus i ngleic leis an saol, <span style=\"color: blue;\">rud<\/span> a thug ar T.S. Eliot moladh d&oacute;ibh teachtaireacht <span style=\"color: blue;\">na<\/span> h-<span style=\"color: blue;\">&oacute;gmhn&aacute;<\/span>, Simone Weil, in a <span style=\"color: blue;\">saothar<\/span> d&uacute;shl&aacute;nach, &rsquo;l&rsquo;Enracinement&rsquo; \/ &lsquo;The need for roots&rsquo;, a shealbh&uacute;. Mhol s&eacute; d&oacute;ibh an leabhar, a scr&iacute;odh <span style=\"color: blue;\">s&iacute; (?) <\/span>i L&uacute;ndan Shasana c&uacute;pla m&iacute; roimh b&aacute;s di in aois tr&iacute;ocha is a ceathair, a l&eacute;amh &lsquo;before their leisure time has been lost and their capacity for thought destroyed in the life of the hustings and the legislative assembly; books the effect of which, we can only hope, will become apparent in the attitude of mind of another generation&rsquo;. Gu&iacute;mid gur i <span style=\"color: blue;\">ngl&uacute;in<\/span> &oacute;g an lae inniu a bhl&aacute;th&oacute;idh a mholadh s&uacute;d! <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">Abhus <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">C&uacute;is s&aacute;ch thrag&oacute;ideach eile ata fr&eacute;amhaithe i dteachtaireacht aimrid seo &aacute;r linne in &Eacute;irinn an ollfh&aacute;s in &oacute;lach&aacute;in agus i &lsquo;social drug taking&rsquo; a fh&aacute;gann ionaid A&amp; E in &aacute;r n-ospuideil l&aacute;n go b&eacute;il le d&eacute;ag&oacute;iri agus go fiu gasuir &oacute;lta n&oacute; <span style=\"color: blue;\">gafa<\/span> ag druga&iacute; ag na deireadh seachtainn&iacute; go hairithe. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"> N&iacute; luatar sna me&aacute;in i gcoitinne cr&aacute; eile de m&iacute;os&uacute;r &lsquo;The Hidden Ireland&rsquo; &aacute;r linne, nach raibh cinnte i gceist ag D&oacute;nal &Oacute; Corcora. Is &eacute; sin o&iacute;cheannta gan codladh dheireadh seachtainne thuismitheoiri agus iad ar chip&iacute;n&iacute; ar eagla an glaoch f&oacute;in n&oacute; an cnag drochsc&eacute;alach ag an doras. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"> Ollfhadhb sl&aacute;inte an bheathaitheacht (obesity) at&aacute; anois ag leathn&uacute; imeasc &oacute;g agus n&iacute;os sine, <span style=\"color: blue;\">fadhb <\/span>at&aacute; seo ginnte san fh&eacute;insh&aacute;samh agus cailli&uacute;int <span style=\"color: blue;\">f&eacute;insmachta<\/span>, <span style=\"color: blue;\">f&eacute;inmheasa<\/span> agus go deimhin <span style=\"color: blue;\">cailli&uacute;int<\/span> <span style=\"color: blue;\">d&oacute;chais<\/span> i <span style=\"color: blue;\">gcult&uacute;r<\/span> seasc an &aacute;bharachais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\">&lsquo;Eat, Drink and be merry,for ALREADY we are dying&rsquo;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Creideamh dall seo an Nua-aimsearachais a chotha&iacute;onn Ceadmhachas agus F&eacute;inrogha, gl&eacute;asta in eadaigh uasal <span style=\"color: blue;\">na<\/span> Saoirse agus an <span style=\"color: blue;\">Comhch&eacute;imeachais<\/span> faoi <span style=\"color: blue;\">seach<\/span>, at&aacute; &aacute;r m&iacute;threor&uacute;, &aacute;r nd&iacute;-uaisli&uacute;. &ldquo;An dall agus an bacach agus an dall chun tosaigh&rdquo; gan aon ag&oacute;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Nach d&aacute;na an <span style=\"color: blue;\">mhaise<\/span> dos na Nua-aimsearaigh maoimh go bhfuil r&eacute; urnua le moladh aimsithe i gcult&uacute;r &aacute;r linne mar mhalairt ar r&eacute; n&iacute; r&oacute;fhada uainn inar t&oacute;gadh go leor againn &#8212; r&eacute;, a bh&iacute; dar leo, dorcha, frithdhaonna, fr&eacute;amhaithe agus cungaithe i <span style=\"color: black;\">ndall<\/span> <span style=\"color: blue;\">creidimh<\/span> reiligi&uacute;nda? R&eacute; ina raibh, ainneoin a lochtanna, aon d&uacute;nmhar&uacute; amh&aacute;in ina phr&iacute;omh sc&eacute;al uaf&aacute;is na bliana nach m&oacute;r, inar shi&uacute;l idir aosaigh agus &oacute;ige &lsquo;sto&iacute;che gan buairt faoi ionsa&iacute;, ina fh&aacute;gfa&iacute; d&oacute;irs&iacute; gan <span style=\"color: navy;\">glas&aacute;il<\/span> l&aacute; is o&iacute;che gan baol rob&aacute;la, ina raibh urraim tugtha ag fir do mhn&aacute;, ina raibh mac&aacute;ntacht sa saol <span style=\"color: blue;\">poibl&iacute;<\/span> agus <span style=\"color: blue;\">polaiti&uacute;il<\/span> agus m&iacute;neadas &aacute;irithe i gcaint agus i ngreann. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&ldquo;When we were growing up in Ringsend in the Thirties&rdquo;, ad&uacute;irt an iardhornala&iacute;, Jimmy Ingle, liom dorn&aacute;n de bhlianta o shoin, &ldquo;we idiolized old people. Now they&rsquo;re killing them.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Freagra simpl&iacute; ar ch&uacute;is le stuacacht dall seo na Nua-aimsearach go gcaithfear an creideamh nua, an siuid-liobr&aacute;lachas, a chosaint, a chraobhscaoileadh agus a adhr&aacute;dh ag alt&oacute;ir c&uacute;ngchro&iacute;ch an &Aacute;bharachais <span style=\"color: blue;\">Fheals&uacute;naigh<\/span>. &ldquo;The faith must be upheld!&rdquo; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">D&oacute;chas <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Ach b&iacute;odh ionainn, creidmhigh, thar aon gr&uacute;pa, d&oacute;chas as &aacute;r <span style=\"color: blue;\">nDia<\/span> agus <span style=\"color: blue;\">as<\/span> a phobal. Nach f&eacute;idir f&oacute;s spiorad&aacute;ltach seascaithe na hEorpa a uisci&uacute;! R&oacute;l d&uacute;inne, creidmhigh na h&Eacute;ireann, sa tasc. Bh&iacute;omar ann cheana nuair a bh&iacute; <span style=\"color: blue;\">manaigh<\/span> na h&Eacute;ireann ar th&uacute;s cadhna&iacute;ochta i nd&iacute;birt barbaracht de shaghas eile a bh&iacute; ag bagairt ar shibhialtacht na M&oacute;r-roinne. T&aacute; l&eacute;acht eolgasach ana-bhrea, &ldquo;Europe and the Irish monks&rdquo; le Enzo Farinella, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\">le haimsi&uacute; ach seo a Ghoogle&aacute;il.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"> Nach bhfuil a nd&uacute;chas si&uacute;d f&oacute;s in&aacute;r ngin chult&uacute;rtha mar a leir&iacute;tear ag misin&eacute;ir&iacute; &aacute;r linne f&eacute;in agus ag an taca&iacute;ocht tr&eacute;an a thugann cosmhuintir na h&Eacute;ireann i gc&oacute;na&iacute; don <span style=\"color: blue;\">Domhan<\/span> Treighte! <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Fainic <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Slad spiorad&aacute;lta, loitim&eacute;ireacht na staire i ngach aois, an f&eacute;idir go mbaineann &aacute;r leith&eacute;idne, go fi&uacute; m&aacute;s go fulangach, lena leith&eacute;id&iacute;?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Creidimid gur buan-sealbha&iacute;ocht, sonas i mbaclann a <span style=\"color: blue;\">Chruthaitheora<\/span>, cuma go nglaotar &ldquo;Dia, an Fhirinne, Allah, Sat-Chin-Ananda n&oacute; Nirbhea&rdquo; air, an todhcha&iacute; a gealltar do na dear&oacute;il tr&eacute;igthe. Is anseo a <span style=\"color: blue;\">feictear<\/span> dom baol d&aacute;r seasamh mar Cr&iacute;ostaithe i dtaca leis na dear&oacute;il. M&aacute;s f&iacute;or go n-aims&iacute;onn na <span style=\"color: blue;\">dear&oacute;il<\/span> buanchomhluadar clainne D&eacute; f&eacute;in narab fhi&uacute; an fhulaingt! Scaoiltear muid go fochoinsiasach, &oacute; dualgasa&iacute;ocht ina leith. Sea, is maith go dtugtar taca&iacute;ocht airithe d&oacute;ibh tr&iacute; chorr-shintuis do leitheid&iacute; Goal, Trocaire, Sight Savers n&oacute; a <span style=\"color: blue;\">leitheid&iacute;<\/span>. S&uacute;p dar gcoinseas go nglacfar le saghas <span style=\"color: blue;\">tuisceana<\/span> ch&uacute;ng chomp&oacute;rdach, nach raibh i gceist, silim, ag Browning, do &#8220;God&#8217;s in his Heaven\/All&#8217;s right with the world!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">An<\/span> saghas agn&oacute;iseachta <span style=\"color: blue;\">bog&aacute;sa&iacute;<\/span> seo, is baol don <span style=\"color: blue;\">chreideamh<\/span> tana&iacute; <span style=\"color: blue;\">foclach<\/span> seo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Mar an gc&eacute;anna, is baol go nglactar le meabhr&uacute;ch&aacute;n Cr&iacute;ost f&eacute;in d&uacute;inn go mbeadh na <span style=\"color: blue;\">bocht&aacute;in<\/span> i gc&oacute;na&iacute; linn mar <span style=\"color: blue;\">shaghas<\/span> <span style=\"color: blue;\">leithsc&eacute;il<\/span> chun na paidreacha amh&aacute;in a <span style=\"color: blue;\">chur<\/span> lena <span style=\"color: blue;\">gcruach&aacute;s<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Dair&iacute;re n&iacute; raibh i gceist ag Cr&iacute;ost ach an fhirinne <span style=\"color: blue;\">shearbh<\/span> a chur &oacute;s <span style=\"color: blue;\">&aacute;r<\/span> <span style=\"color: blue;\">gcomhair<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Ach is cinnte nach aon <span style=\"color: blue;\">chomhairle<\/span> &aacute;r leasa uaidh go bhf&aacute;gfar na hainiseoir&iacute; gan c&uacute;namh. Nios m&oacute; f&oacute;s l&eacute;ireofar L&aacute; an Luain d&oacute;ibh si&uacute;d in&aacute;r measc a chlis ar na dear&oacute;il len&aacute;r linn fein gurab &eacute; fein a fh&aacute;gadh ar an dtr&aacute; <span style=\"color: blue;\">fholamh<\/span>. Is <span style=\"color: blue;\">sa<\/span> tuiscint seo, s&iacute;lim, a th&oacute;g ar an Mhahatma Gandhi a r&aacute;: &ldquo;L&iacute;onann Seanm&oacute;ir Chr&iacute;ost ar an Sliabh m&eacute; le haoibhneas go fi&uacute; sa l&aacute; inni&uacute;. T&aacute; s&eacute; de chumhacht ag a vearsa&iacute; <span style=\"color: blue;\">milise<\/span> c&eacute;asadh m&rsquo;anam a mhaol&uacute; (quench) sa l&aacute; inniu f&eacute;in&rdquo;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\"> Rogha de roghanna romhainn <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">An f&eacute;idir go dtuillfimid an daorbhreith <span style=\"color: blue;\">dheiridh<\/span> toisc n&aacute;ch bhfuilimid i gcabhair air agus i gcomhair leis an Chr&iacute;ost c&eacute;anna i bhfoirmeacha na ndear&oacute;il tr&eacute;igthe a fhulaing&iacute;onn len&aacute;r linn f&eacute;in mar strainseiri, iad tartmhar, de cheal &eacute;adaigh, t&iacute;nn agus sti&uacute;gtha leis an ocras agus go fi&uacute; i mbaol bh&aacute;s ainniseach go d&iacute;reach tar &eacute;is <span style=\"color: blue;\">bhreith<\/span> dibh? <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">Dear&oacute;il &aacute;r linne <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">&ldquo;Ni ins an ainnise is measa linn bheith sios go deo ach an tarcaisne a leanas sinn i ndiaidh na leon&rdquo; a chaoin Eoghan Rua &Oacute; Suilleabh&aacute;in (1748- 1784)<\/span> . I gc&aacute;s na haimsire ina mhairimid an f&eacute;idir gur muidne na leoin <span style=\"color: blue;\">chatha<\/span> a thr&eacute;igeann ainniseoir&iacute; &aacute;r linne a fhulaing&iacute;onn ar tairseach &aacute;r n-<span style=\"color: blue;\">iomarca&iacute;ochta<\/span>.<span style=\"color: black;\"><br \/> Bhfuil, d&aacute; bharr &aacute;r n-easpa taca&iacute;ochta<\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20; letter-spacing: -1.3pt;\"> d&oacute;ibh, <\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\">f&aacute;th go mbeadh droch choinsias orainn seachas trua s&aacute;ch fulangach n&oacute; b&aacute; fhoclach luaite againn do ch&aacute;s seo na ndear&oacute;il lena mbainim&iacute;d? Go caoinim&iacute;d, &oacute; dhuine go duine: &lsquo;Ach cad is feidir LIOMSA a dh&eacute;anamh faoin eag&oacute;ir seo&rdquo;, seachas go scairtimid &ldquo;Cad IS f&eacute;idir liomsa a dh&eacute;anamh faoi cruach&aacute;s mo <\/span><span style=\"color: blue;\">chomharsan<\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\">?&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: #231f20;\">C&eacute;n f&aacute;th nach gcuachfa&iacute; iad san, <\/span><span style=\"color: blue;\">nach dtumfa&iacute; iad, <\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\">lena bh&iacute;onn buanphl&eacute; againn leo, i dtuiscint nuadhoimhnithe de Chomhar na gComharsan. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.15pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">&Aacute;r &ldquo;gComplicit&eacute;&rdquo; Praitici&uacute;il<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; letter-spacing: -0.95pt;\">T<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">ar<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.8pt;\"> <\/span>&eacute;is<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.8pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">g<\/span>ach<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.8pt;\"> <\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.8pt;\"> <\/span>b<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">h<\/span>fuil<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.8pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">r<\/span>&aacute;i<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">t<\/span>e<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.8pt;\"> <\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.8pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">g<\/span>eall<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">t<\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.8pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.35pt;\">f<\/span>aoin<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.8pt;\"> <\/span>&eacute;a<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">g<\/span>&oacute;ir<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.8pt;\"> <\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.8pt;\"> <\/span>aithn&iacute;mid, nach<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\"> <\/span>iad<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\"> <\/span>&aacute;r<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">v<\/span>&oacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">t<\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\">&iacute; <\/span>&#8212;<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\"> <\/span>mo<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\"> <\/span>ghuthsa<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\"> <\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\"> <\/span>do<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\"> <\/span>ghuths<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\">a <\/span>&#8212;<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\"> <\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\"> <\/span>thu<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">g<\/span>ann<span style=\"color: black;\"> <\/span>imprim<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">a<\/span>tur<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.35pt;\"> <\/span>an<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.4pt;\"> <\/span>daonl<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">a<\/span>thais<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.35pt;\"> do na c&oacute;rais <span style=\"color: blue;\">pholaiti&uacute;la<\/span> agus <span style=\"color: blue;\">instidi&uacute;idi&uacute;<\/span> beala&iacute; tr&aacute;d&aacute;la a bhuana&iacute;onn eag&oacute;ir i gcursa&iacute; idirn&aacute;siunta. Iad seo cuid mhaith fr&eacute;amhaithe <\/span>i<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.4pt;\"> <\/span>sai<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">n<\/span>t<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.35pt;\"> <\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.4pt;\"> tugtha <\/span>don<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.35pt;\"> <\/span>m<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">&eacute;<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.45pt;\">f<\/span>&eacute;ineachas is<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.45pt;\"> <\/span>buanch&uacute;is<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\"> <\/span>le<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\"> <\/span>d&iacute;birt<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\"> <\/span>na<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\"> <\/span>ndea<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">r<\/span>&oacute;l<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\"> <strong>(??) <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">g<\/span>o<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.35pt;\">f<\/span>&aacute;sach<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\"> <\/span>na<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.45pt;\"> <\/span>hainnise<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\"> <\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\"> <\/span>na heaspa.<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1pt;\"> <span style=\"color: blue;\">Cosc curth orthu <\/span><\/span>aon<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.05pt;\"> <\/span>deis<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1pt;\"> <span style=\"color: blue;\">a bheith acu <\/span><\/span>le<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.05pt;\"> <\/span>bheith<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.05pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">c<\/span>omhph&aacute;ir<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">t<\/span>each<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1pt;\"> <\/span>sa<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.05pt;\"> <\/span>dul chun<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span>cinn<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">a<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">t<\/span>&aacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span>in&aacute;r<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span>seilbh<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span>i<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span>nDomhan<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span>an<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span>D&oacute;thain<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span>na<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span>hIoma<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">r<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">c<\/span>a,<span style=\"color: black;\"> <\/span>ar<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.45pt;\"> <\/span>cuid<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.45pt;\"> <\/span>d&aacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5pt;\"> <\/span>ndomhain<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.45pt;\"> <\/span>&eacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.45pt;\"> <\/span>f<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">r<\/span>eisin. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 5.65pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 5.65pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-variant: small-caps;\">An claochl&uacute; a MH&Uacute;SCL&Oacute;S MUID<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8.65pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&ldquo;C&eacute; hiad sin mo chomharsa a bhfuil faobhar ar a <span style=\"color: blue;\">ngoile<\/span>?&rdquo;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"> teideal an ailt seo. C&eacute;n gaol dair&iacute;re at&aacute; eadrainn agus conas go bhfuilimid ag cliseadh ortha?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 1.3pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">N&iacute;<span style=\"color: black;\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\">omha<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">r<\/span>sana<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.4pt;\"> <\/span>amh&aacute;in<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.4pt;\"> <\/span>sinn<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.4pt;\"> <\/span>uile<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span>ar<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.4pt;\"> <\/span>an<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.4pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">g<\/span>cruinne<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span>&aacute;lainn<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.4pt;\"> <\/span>seo<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.4pt;\"> <\/span>ach<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.35pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">g<\/span>aol<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">t<\/span>a. Gaol<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">t<\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\"> <\/span>in<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\"> <\/span>eisi<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">n<\/span>t.<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.95pt;\">T<\/span>&aacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\"> <\/span>leide<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\"> <\/span>d&uacute;inn<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\"> <\/span>sa<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\"> <\/span>Ghaeil<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">g<\/span>e:<em><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\"> <\/span>&ldquo;M&aacute;s<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\"> <\/span>amhlaidh<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\"> <\/span>gurb<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\"> <\/span>&eacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\"> <\/span>&Aacute;dhamh<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\"> <\/span>&aacute;r<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\"> <\/span>g<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">c<\/span>&eacute;ad<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\"> <\/span>athair<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\"> <\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\"> <\/span>gurb<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\"> <\/span>&iacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">&Eacute;<\/span>abha<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\"> <\/span>&aacute;r<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\"> <\/span>g<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">c<\/span>&eacute;ad<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\"> <\/span>mh&aacute;thai<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.05pt;\">r<\/span>,<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\"> <\/span>nach<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.65pt;\"> <\/span>uasal<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.6pt;\"> <\/span>mar<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.65pt;\"> <\/span>an<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.6pt;\"> <\/span>g<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\">c<\/span>&eacute;anna<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.65pt;\"> <\/span>gach<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.6pt;\"> <\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.65pt;\"> <\/span>d<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">t<\/span>&aacute;inig<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.6pt;\"> <\/span>uathu<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.95pt;\">.<\/span>&rdquo; <\/em>Cuirim<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.6pt;\"> <\/span>leis<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.6pt;\"> <\/span>sin an fh&iacute;ric<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.15pt;\"> <\/span>gur<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.15pt;\"> <\/span>de<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.15pt;\"> <\/span>shli<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\">o<\/span>c<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>t<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.15pt;\"> <\/span>D&eacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.15pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.4pt;\">f<\/span>&eacute;in<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.15pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">g<\/span>ach<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.15pt;\"> <\/span>neach<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.15pt;\"> <\/span>daonna,<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.15pt;\"> <\/span><em><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.45pt;\">&ldquo;<\/span>gan eis<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">c<\/span>eac<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>t<\/em> ar bith&rdquo;. &ldquo;Mar cib&eacute; duine a chomhl&iacute;onann toil Mo Athair at&aacute; sna Flaithis, is eiseann Mo dhearthair agus <\/span><span style=\"color: blue;\">deirfi&uacute;r<\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\"> agus <\/span><span style=\"color: blue;\">m&aacute;thair<\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\">.&rdquo; N&iacute;l duine n&oacute; deora&iacute; nach f&eacute;idir toil D&eacute; a chomhl&iacute;ondh. N&iacute; gaol fola seo ach gaolmhaireacht in&aacute;r chomhshealbha&iacute;ocht spiorad&aacute;lta gan teorainn. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Cuimhn&iacute;m&iacute;s fosta nach <span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">g<\/span>aolmhai<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">r<\/span>eac<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>t ar<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.85pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.45pt;\">f<\/span>eadh<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.85pt;\"> <\/span>an tseala<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.85pt;\"> <\/span>ama<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.85pt;\"> <\/span>de bhlia<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">n<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">t<\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.85pt;\"> <\/span>ina<span style=\"letter-spacing: -1.85pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: blue;\">gcomhmairimid<\/span> ar<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\"> <\/span>dh<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">r<\/span>oim<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\"> <\/span>&aacute;r<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\"> <\/span>gCruinne<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\"> at&aacute; i gceist <\/span>ach<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\"> <\/span>&iacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\"> <\/span>i<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\"> <\/span>b<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">h<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.35pt;\">f<\/span>ad<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\"> <\/span>&Eacute;i<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">r<\/span>eann<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\"> <\/span>n&iacute;os<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\"> <\/span>buaine<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\"> <\/span>mar<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\"> <\/span>gur <span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">g<\/span>aolmhai<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">r<\/span>eac<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>t<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.45pt;\"> <\/span>sh&iacute;o<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">r<\/span>a&iacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.5pt;\"> <\/span>&iacute;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8.65pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; letter-spacing: -0.95pt;\">T<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&aacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.5pt;\"> <\/span>&aacute;r<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.5pt;\"> <\/span>mbeith<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.5pt;\"> <\/span>uile,<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.5pt;\"> <\/span>mar<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.5pt;\"> <\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.5pt;\"> <\/span>bh&iacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.5pt;\"> <\/span>riamh agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.55pt;\"> <\/span>mar<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.6pt;\"> <\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.55pt;\"> <\/span>bheidh<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.6pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">g<\/span>o<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.6pt;\"> <\/span>de<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">o<\/span>,<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.55pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.35pt;\">f<\/span>oinsithe<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.6pt;\"> <\/span>sa<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.55pt;\"> <\/span>ts&iacute;o<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">rr<\/span>a&iacute;oc<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>t<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.6pt;\"> <\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.6pt;\"> <\/span>is<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.55pt;\"> <\/span>sa chom<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>th&eacute;acs<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.25pt;\"> <\/span>pribhl&eacute;ideach<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.25pt;\"> <\/span>sin<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.3pt;\"> <\/span>go mbuana&iacute;tear<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.25pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: blue;\">oiblea<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">g<\/span>&aacute;ideac<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>t<\/span> <strong>(=???; feic leathanach 2; obligingness)<\/strong> d&aacute; ch&eacute;ile uile o<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">r<\/span>ainn sa seal saol ina mhairimid. <span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.9pt;\">Sin, s&iacute;lim, is br&iacute; leis an <span style=\"color: blue;\">Dara<\/span> <span style=\"color: blue;\">hAithne<\/span> agus ni feidir bheith i dtiuin le h-<span style=\"color: blue;\">&eacute;ilimh<\/span> an Ch&eacute;ad Aithne ach go <span style=\"color: blue;\">saothra&iacute;tear<\/span> &eacute; i gcomhar leis an gr&aacute; d&aacute; cheile uile chomh fada agus is f&eacute;idir. T&aacute; seo mar buanriachtannas &aacute;r ngairme mar <span style=\"color: blue;\">chreidmhigh<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8.65pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; letter-spacing: 0.9pt;\">Is &eacute; an &ldquo;chomh fada agus is feidir&rdquo; sin a chaithfear a <span style=\"color: blue;\">shaoradh<\/span>, a scaoileadh &oacute; na laincis&iacute; neamh&aacute;irdeallacha at&aacute; cumtha againn ina leith. Is g&aacute; anois go n-oscl&oacute;far d&uacute;inn agus romhainn nuafh&iacute;s daonna Dia-l&iacute;onta a chlaochl&oacute;s an spiorad&aacute;ltacht s&aacute;ch leamh, <span style=\"color: blue;\">mura<\/span> bhfuil s&eacute; seascaithe, ina bhfuil &aacute;r <span style=\"color: blue;\">meanmna<\/span> s&aacute;innithe. Athnuachantfar aghaidh na tal&uacute;n d&aacute; bharr seo &ndash;&lsquo;c&rsquo;est presque l&rsquo;analogue d&rsquo;une r&eacute;v&eacute;lation nouvelle de l&rsquo;universe et de la destin&eacute;e humaine&rdquo; i bhfoclaibh Simone Weil. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8.65pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">Claochl&oacute;far gn&eacute;ithe, folaithe go dt&iacute; seo, in&aacute;r n-ionannas uile agus <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">&aacute;illeacht<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> spiorad&aacute;lta a ghabhann leo i nua-nascadh eadrainn mar <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">ph&aacute;ist&iacute;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> &aacute;r gCruthath&oacute;ra uile. T&aacute; an claochl&uacute; seo <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">&eacute;ilithe<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> orainn toisc an dul chun cinn iontach uile i gcumais agus saineolais luaite thuas a bhronnann orainn anois f&eacute;idireachta&iacute; nach raibh riamh i seilbh an chine <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">dhaonna<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> go nuige seo. Bearna agus easnamh mhor&aacute;lta in &aacute;r g<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">comhroinnt<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> leo is c&uacute;is leis na <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">heag&oacute;racha<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> at&aacute; &aacute; n-imirt ar na dear&oacute;il tr&eacute;igthe agus <em>ipso facto<\/em> leis na hiliomad fadhbanna sois&iacute;alta at&aacute; &aacute;r <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">gcr&aacute;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> sa Domhain f&eacute;in-l&aacute;rnach forbartha.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 5.65pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">Is<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.7pt;\"> <\/span>i mbeo-shaothr&uacute; na<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.7pt;\"> <\/span>coth<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">r<\/span>oma&iacute;oc<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>ta (egalitarianism)<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.75pt;\"> <\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.7pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: blue;\">gheallann<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.7pt;\"> (<strong><em>??) <\/em><\/strong><\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.75pt;\"> <\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.7pt;\"> <\/span>&eacute;il&iacute;onn <span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\">g<\/span>o<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.75pt;\"> <\/span>deimhin<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.8pt;\"> <\/span>Coth<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">r<\/span>om<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.75pt;\"> <\/span>na<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.85pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">F<\/span>&eacute;inne<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.75pt;\"> <\/span>do<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.8pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.3pt;\">g<\/span>ach<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.8pt;\"> <\/span>mac<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.75pt;\"> <\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.85pt;\"> <\/span>in&iacute;on m<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">&aacute;<\/span>thar, gaolta in eisint,<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.4pt;\"> <\/span>agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.4pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">a<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">t<\/span>&aacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.4pt;\"> <\/span>buanaithe<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.4pt;\"> <\/span>i<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.4pt;\"> <\/span>sainmh&iacute;ni&uacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.45pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">r<\/span>eiligi&uacute;nda<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.4pt;\"> <\/span>d&aacute;r<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.4pt;\"> <\/span>nd&iacute;nit indibhidi&uacute;lach<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.05pt;\"> <\/span>uile<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.1pt;\"> <\/span>mar<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.1pt;\"> <span style=\"color: blue;\">bhaill<\/span> <\/span>Chlann<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.1pt;\"> <\/span>D&eacute;,<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.05pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">a<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">t<\/span>&aacute;<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.1pt;\"> <\/span>an<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.1pt;\"> <\/span>chin<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">nt<\/span>eac<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\">h<\/span>t is<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.55pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\">b<\/span>uaine<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.55pt;\"> <\/span>ar<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.55pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.4pt;\">f<\/span>&eacute;idir<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.55pt;\"> <\/span>d&uacute;shl&aacute;n<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.55pt;\"> <\/span>seo<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.6pt;\"> <\/span>&aacute;r<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.55pt;\"> <\/span>linne<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.55pt;\"> <\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.6pt;\"> <\/span>fh<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.25pt;\">r<\/span>&eacute;amh&uacute;,<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.55pt;\"> <\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: 1.6pt;\"> <\/span>choth&uacute; agus<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\"> <\/span>a<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\"> <\/span>shaothr&uacute;.<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\">Buille go smior le bheith tugtha don <\/span><span style=\"color: blue;\">chin&iacute;ochas<\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\"> agus d&rsquo;aon bhr&eacute;ag- ghradamachas ar bhoinn oideachais, eirimi&uacute;lacht, talainn n&oacute; st&aacute;das mar nach raibh, nach bhfuil n&oacute; nach mbeidh riamh neach daonna nach de stoc <\/span><span style=\"color: blue;\">diaga<\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\"> &eacute; n&oacute; &iacute;. N&oacute; n&iacute;l duine n&oacute; deora&iacute; nach gr&aacute;nn &aacute;r <\/span><span style=\"color: blue;\">gCruthaitheoir<\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\"> uile &eacute; n&oacute; &iacute;, agus go n-&eacute;il&iacute;tear orainn <\/span><span style=\"color: blue;\">Uaidh<\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\"> an gr&aacute; c&eacute;anna sin d&aacute; cheile a aimsi&uacute; ionainn f&eacute;in. Ansin saorfar muid dair&iacute;re chun comharsan&uacute;lacht nua-bhisithe a bhuan&uacute; ar mhaithe agus i gcomhar leo <\/span><span style=\"color: blue;\">si&uacute;d<\/span><span style=\"color: #231f20;\">, ach go h&aacute;irithe, at&aacute; d&iacute;beartha go dt&iacute; seo chun &ldquo;an taobh amuigh&rdquo;. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.15pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">Is i an ch&eacute;ad cheim n&aacute; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">go n-aimseofar le pr&aacute;inn tuiscint n&iacute;os doimhne le saothru dona gaolfhoins&iacute; ina bhfuil an comharsan&uacute;lacht seo fr&eacute;amhaithe. S&iacute;olfae (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">?? Sh&iacute;olfa&iacute;?? S&iacute;olfar?; Sh&iacute;olf&aacute;??) <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">an &ldquo;Diult&uacute; d&rsquo;Fhonn Cruth&uacute;&rdquo; seo i gcoinsiasa&iacute; indibhidi&uacute;lacha &aacute;r leitheidne, cosmhuintir na cruinne, &oacute; dhuine go duine go lasfar seo ina chomh&eacute;ileamh doshrianta lonnaithe i gcoinsias com&oacute;nta <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">saor&aacute;nach<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> Iarthair an <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">Domhain<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">tr&iacute;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> ch&eacute;ile. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">Ach, tuigtear dom gur c&eacute;ad ch&eacute;im san aistir spiorad&aacute;lta seo go ngu&iacute;fear D&eacute; ag iarraidh doimhniu in&aacute;r dtuiscint d&aacute;r ngar-ghaolmaireacht in eisint len&aacute;r <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">gcomharsana<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> uile fud fad na Cruinne. Nach &Eacute;iseann &aacute;r nAthair uile?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">T&aacute; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">dh&aacute; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">shruth<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> d&aacute;r <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">gcreidimh<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> d&uacute;chasach a lionann, m&aacute;s go lag f&eacute;in seo sa l&aacute; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">inniu<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">, an tascumar spiorad&aacute;lta at&aacute; i gc&oacute;nai ar f&aacute;il d&uacute;inn. A mheanma seo le hathghabh&aacute;il <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">agus<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> le blaiseadh in am seo an gh&aacute;tair. F&eacute;ith na misin&eacute;ireachta a chlaochlaigh <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">cheana<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> f&eacute;in cult&uacute;r na hEorpa agus &eacute; ar a dh&eacute; dheiridh, agus f&eacute;ith an fhinn&eacute; neamhgh&eacute;ili&uacute;il a shaothra&iacute;odh ag cosmhuintir na h&Eacute;ireann ag carraigeacha ceilte an <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">Aifrinn<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> agus iad i mbaol a <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">mb&aacute;is<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> d&aacute; bharr. Beidh an t-arml&oacute;n spiorad&aacute;lta seo, &aacute;r bhfirinne f&eacute;in, le saothr&uacute; go mbeidh muid d&iacute;lis don drithle sin de at&aacute; beo ionainn go f&oacute;ill. Adhn&oacute;far sa&iacute;ocht leathdhearmadta go mbeidh s&eacute; ina nuasholas spiorad&aacute;lta na maitheasa le saothr&uacute; as an nua. Seo a <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">mhisneofar<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> muid chun seasamh neamheaglach roimh &ldquo;br&uacute; na n-allmharach agus s&iacute;or athr&uacute; an tsaoil&rdquo; mar a chomhailrigh Breand&aacute;n &Oacute; Doibhlin d&uacute;inn ina shaothar <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">f&aacute;idhi&uacute;il<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">, &ldquo;Neal Maidne agus Tine O&iacute;che&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">Is &eacute; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">an d&uacute;shl&aacute;n at&aacute; r&oacute;mhainn <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">n&aacute; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\">r&oacute;l<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">suntasach<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> a ghlacadh i gcoth&uacute; nasc idirchin&iacute;och a leathn&oacute;s sna c&eacute;adta r&oacute;mhainn i gcruth&uacute; nuasibhialtacht dhomhanda. Bu&iacute;ochas do na h-iliomad beala&iacute; cumars&aacute;ide agus teagmh&aacute;la in&aacute;r seilbh, nach raibh riamh i seilbh an Duine go nuige seo, is f&eacute;idir go dtap&oacute;far an t-<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">aistear<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">cult&uacute;rtha<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> chun ceannscr&iacute;be sa ch&eacute;ad seo f&eacute;in. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">R&eacute; &uacute;r don chine daonna le haimsi&uacute; mar a cuireadh &oacute;s &aacute;r gcomhair mar <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: blue;\">dh&uacute;shl&aacute;n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\"> ag an Riord&aacute;nach ina dh&aacute;n, &ldquo;N&iacute; Ceadmhach Neamhshuim&rdquo;. N&iacute; beag sin cinnte. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #231f20;\">(4000 focal; 17-4-16)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 5pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\">2,451 focal. 30\/3\/2016 2,974 1.4.&rsquo;16<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 5pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\">3.255 3\/4\/16. circa 4560 focal 5\/4\/2016.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"><\/span><a href=\"#ftnref1\" id=\"ftn1\" style=\"vertical-align: super;\">[1]<\/a> I dtaca le foins&iacute; Li&uacute;tair f&eacute;ach H. Bluhm, <em>Martin Luther Creative Translator<\/em> (St. Louis 1965).<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr style=\"text-align: left;\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif;\">&nbsp;<a href=\"#_msoanchor_1\">[M1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An S&iacute;olad&oacute;ir Nua Uimhir a hAon Earrach 2016 Cl&uacute;dach Cl&aacute;r Stair Chumann na Sagart&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (7,000 focal) Tom&aacute;s &Oacute; Fiaich 1-15 Sagairt Dheoise Bhaile &Aacute;tha Cliathagus an &Eacute;ir&iacute; Amach 1916 Diarmuid &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-an-sioladoir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sundayscriptureonline.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sundayscriptureonline.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sundayscriptureonline.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sundayscriptureonline.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sundayscriptureonline.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=448"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sundayscriptureonline.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1189,"href":"https:\/\/sundayscriptureonline.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448\/revisions\/1189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sundayscriptureonline.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sundayscriptureonline.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sundayscriptureonline.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}